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The Eternal Echo

Surah An-Naml • Ayah 29

Para 19 Surah 27 : 29
قَالَتْ يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلْمَلَؤُا۟ إِنِّىٓ أُلْقِىَ إِلَىَّ كِتَـٰبٌ كَرِيمٌ

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قَالَتْ
يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا
ٱلْمَلَؤُا۟
إِنِّىٓ
أُلْقِىَ
إِلَىَّ
كِتَـٰبٌ
كَرِيمٌ

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Classical Tafsir: Ibn Kathir en

Sulayman's Letter to BilqisAllah tells us what Sulayman said to the hoopoe when he told him about the people of Saba' and their queen:قَالَ سَنَنظُرُ أَصَدَقْتَ أَمْ كُنتَ مِنَ الْكَـذِبِينَ ((Sulayman) said: "We shall see whether you speak the truth or you are (one) of the liars.") meaning, `are you telling the truth'أَمْ كُنتَ مِنَ الْكَـذِبِينَ(or you are (one) of the liars.) meaning, `or are you telling a lie in order to save yourself from the threat I made against you'اذْهَب بِّكِتَابِى هَـذَا فَأَلْقِهْ إِلَيْهِمْ ثُمَّ تَوَلَّ عَنْهُمْ فَانْظُرْ مَاذَا يَرْجِعُونَ (Go you with this letter of mine and deliver it to them then draw back from them and see what they return.) Sulayman wrote a letter to Bilqis and her people and gave it to the hoopoe to deliver. It was said that he carried it on his wings, as is the way with birds, or that he carried it in his beak. He went to their land and found the palace of Bilqis, then he went to her private chambers and threw the letter through a small window, then he stepped to one side out of good manners. Bilqis was amazed and confused when she saw that, then she went and picked up the letter, opened its seal and read it. The letter said:إِنَّهُ مِن سُلَيْمَانَ وَإِنَّهُ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ - أَلاَّ تَعْلُواْ عَلَىَّ وَأْتُونِى مُسْلِمِينَ (it is from Sulayman, and it (reads): `In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful; Be you not exalted against me, but come to me submitting (as Muslims).') So she gathered her commanders and ministers and the leaders of her land, and said to them:يأَيُّهَا الْمَلأُ إِنَّى أُلْقِىَ إِلَىَّ كِتَابٌ كَرِيمٌ("O chiefs! Verily, here is delivered to me a noble letter.") She described it as such because of the wondrous things she had seen, that it was delivered by a bird who threw it to her, then stood aside out of good manners. This was something that no king could do. Then she read the letter to them:إِنَّهُ مِن سُلَيْمَانَ وَإِنَّهُ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ - أَلاَّ تَعْلُواْ عَلَىَّ وَأْتُونِى مُسْلِمِينَ (Verily, it is from Sulayman, and it (reads): `In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful; Be you not exalted against me, but come to me submitting (as Muslims).') Thus they knew that it was from Allah's Prophet Sulayman, upon him be peace, and that they could not match him. This letter was the utmost in brevity and eloquence, coming straight to the point.أَلاَّ تَعْلُواْ عَلَىَّ(Be you not exalted against me,) Qatadah said: "Do not be arrogant with me.وَأْتُونِى مُسْلِمِينَ(but come to me submitting (as Muslims). )" `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said: "Do not refuse or be too arrogant to come to meوَأْتُونِى مُسْلِمِينَ(but come to me submitting (as Muslims).)"

Classical Tafsir: Ibn Kathir Urdu ur

تحقیق شروع ہو گئی ٭٭ہدہد کی خبر سنتے ہی سلیمان علیہ السلام نے اس کی تحقیق شروع کر دی کہ اگر یہ سچا ہے تو قابل معافی ہے اور اگر جھوٹا ہے تو قابل سزا ہے۔ اسی سے فرمایا کہ میرا یہ خط بلقیس کو جو وہاں کی فرمانروا ہے دے آ۔ اس خط کو چونچ میں لے کر یا پر سے بندھواکر ہدہد اڑا۔ وہاں پہنچ کر بلقیس کے محل میں گیا وہ اس وقت خلوت خانہ میں تھی۔ اس نے ایک طاق میں سے وہ خط اس کے سامنے رکھا اور ادب کے ساتھ ایک طرف ہو گیا۔ اسے سخت تعجب معلوم ہوا حیرت ہوئی اور ساتھ ہی کچھ خوف زدہ بھی ہوئی۔ خط کو اٹھا کر مہر توڑ کر خط کھول کر پڑھا اس کے مضمون سے واقف ہو کر اپنے امراء وزراء سردار اور رؤسا کو جمع کیا اور کہنے لگی کہ ایک باوقعت خط میرے سامنے ڈالا گیا ہے اس خط کا باوقعت ہونا اس پر اس سے بھی ظاہر ہو گیا تھا کہ ایک جانور اسے لاتا ہے وہ ہوشیاری اور احتیاط سے پہنچاتا ہے۔ سامنے با ادب رکھ کر ایک طرف ہو جاتا ہے تو جان گئی تھی کہ یہ خط مکرم ہے اور کسی باعزت شخص کا بھیجا ہوا ہے۔ پھر خط کامضمون سب کو پڑھ کرسنایا کہ یہ خط سلیمان علیہ السلام کا ہے اور اس کے شروع میں «‏بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم» لکھا ہوا ہے ساتھ ہی مسلمان ہونے اور تابع فرمان بننے کی دعوت ہے۔ اب سب نے پہچان لیا کہ یہ اللہ کے پیغمبر کا دعوت نامہ ہے اور ہم میں سے کسی میں ان کے مقابلے کی تاب وطاقت نہیں۔ پھر خط کی بلاغت اختصار اور وضاحت نے سب کو حیران کر دیا یہ مختصر سی عبارت بہت سی باتوں سے سوا ہے۔ دریا کو کوزہ میں بند کر دیا ہے علماء کرام کا مقولہ ہے کہ سلیمان علیہ السلام سے پہلے کسی نے خط میں «بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم» نہیں لکھی۔صفحہ نمبر6423ایک غریب اور ضعیف حدیث ابن ابی حاتم میں ہے سیدنا بریدہ رضی اللہ عنہ فرماتے ہیں میں نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے ساتھ جا رہا تھا کہ آپ نے فرمایا میں ایک ایسی آیت جانتا ہوں جو مجھ سے پہلے سلیمان بن داؤد علیہ السلام کے بعد کسی نبی پر نہیں اتری میں نے کہا حضور وہ کون سی آیت ہے؟ آپ نے فرمایا مسجد سے جانے سے پہلے ہی میں تجھے بتا دوں گا اب آپ نکلنے لگے ایک پاؤں مسجد سے باہر رکھ بھی دیامیرے جی میں آیا شاید آپ بھول گئے۔ اتنے میں آپ نے یہی آیت پڑھی۔ [ضعیف:اس میں عبدالکریم راوی ضعیف ہے] ‏ اور روایت میں ہے کہ جب تک یہ آیت نہیں اتری تھی نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم دعا «باسمک اللہم» تحریر فرمایا کرتے تھے۔ جب یہ آیت اتری آپ نے «بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم» لکھنا شرع کیا۔ خط کا مضمون صرف اسی قدر تھا کہ میرے سامنے سرکشی نہ کرو مجھے مجبور نہ کرو میری بات مان لو تکبر سے کام نہ لو موحد مخلص مطیع بن کر میرے پاس چلی آؤ۔صفحہ نمبر6424

Classical Tafsir: Bayan-ul-Quran ur

آیت 28 اِذْہَبْ بِّکِتٰبِیْ ہٰذَا فَاَلْقِہْ اِلَیْہِمْ ثُمَّ تَوَلَّ عَنْہُمْ فَانْظُرْ مَاذَا یَرْجِعُوْنَ ”چنانچہ وہ ہدہد حضرت سلیمان علیہ السلام کا خط لے گیا اور جا کر ملکہ کے آس پاس یا شاید اس کی خواب گاہ میں پھینک دیا۔ ملکہ نے یہ غیر معمولی خط پڑھا تو فوری طور پر قوم کے بڑے بڑے سرداروں کو مشورے کے لیے دربار میں طلب کرلیا۔

Classical Tafsir: Ma'arif al-Qur'an en

Commentaryقَالَتْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْمَلَأُ إِنِّي أُلْقِيَ إِلَيَّ كِتَابٌ كَرِ‌يمٌShe (the queen) said (to her officials after receiving the letter), "0 chieftains, there has been thrown to me an esteemed letter, 27:29.Literal meaning of Karim is respectable, honorable or esteemed, and idiomatically this word is used for a letter when it is sealed. This is why Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas ؓ ، Qatadah, Zohair رحمۃ اللہ علیہما etc. have interpreted the expression کِتَابپ کَرِیم as the sealed book, which indicates that Sayyidna Sulaiman (علیہ السلام) had put his seal on the letter. When the Holy Prophet ﷺ learnt about the tradition of the non-Arab kings that they do not read the letter if it is not sealed, he got a seal made for himself, and used it on the letters he sent to Caesar and Chosro. It shows that the practice of sealing a letter is to show respect to the letter as well as to the addressee. The present day practice is to secure the letter in an envelope, which is as good as sealing it. Where show of respect to the addressee is intended, it is closer to the practice of the Holy Prophet ﷺ to secure it in an envelope.The language of the letter of SulaimanAlthough Sayyidna Sulaiman (علیہ السلام) was not an Arab, yet it is not unlikely that he knew the Arabic language, especially when he knew the languages of the animals. As the Arabic language is supreme among all the languages, it is possible that he might have written the letter in Arabic. It is also probable because Bilqis was an Arab by race, and she read the letter and understood it. The other probability is that he had written the letter in his own language and an interpreter read it for her. (Ruh)

Historical Context: Prophet Sulayman (Solomon) — Kingdom, Jinn, Queen of Sheba c. 970–931 BCE

Sulayman (Solomon) was given extraordinary dominion over humans, jinn, wind, and animals. His kingdom was the most magnificent of its time. The Quran recounts his interaction with the Hoopoe bird (Hudhud) who reported on the Queen of Sheba (Bilqis), who then submitted to Allah. Historically, Solomon's kingdom (c. 970–931 BCE) is associated with Jerusalem. The Queen of Sheba is historically associated with the ancient kingdom of Saba (Sheba) in modern-day Yemen.

🏛️ Civilization: United Kingdom of Israel / Kingdom of Saba
📍 Region: Jerusalem / Arabian Peninsula (Kingdom of Saba)
Historical Context: Queen Bilqis — Queen of Sheba Visits Sulayman c. 970–931 BCE

The Queen of Sheba (Bilqis in Islamic tradition) ruled the ancient kingdom of Saba (Sheba) in southern Arabia (modern Yemen). The Quran describes her visit to Prophet Sulayman after receiving his letter. She was tested with the glass floor and recognized that Sulayman's power came from God. She ultimately submitted to Allah. The ancient Kingdom of Saba (c. 900–100 BCE) has been extensively documented archaeologically in Yemen, with the great dam of Ma'rib being its most famous monument.

🏛️ Civilization: Kingdom of Saba (Sheba)
📍 Region: Kingdom of Saba (modern Yemen)
Historical Context: Sulayman's Extraordinary Knowledge and the Hoopoe's Report c. 970–931 BCE

The Quran records Sulayman's review of his armies of jinn, humans, and birds (27:17-20), and the Hoopoe (Hudhud) reporting news of the Queen of Sheba. Sulayman sent her a letter beginning 'In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.' This formula (Bismillah) appears in the letter as recorded in the Quran (27:30), making it a historically documented use of the Basmala. The Queen's submission to Allah is a paradigm of peaceful dawah and dialogue.

🏛️ Civilization: United Kingdom of Israel
📍 Region: Jerusalem and Kingdom of Saba (Yemen)
Historical Context: Queen of Saba (Bilqis) — From Polytheism to Islam c. 970 BCE

The Queen of Saba (Sheba / Bilqis) ruled a prosperous Yemeni kingdom and worshipped the sun. Upon receiving Sulayman's letter, she consulted her advisers, sent gifts, and eventually came to Sulayman's court. Her throne was brought to Sulayman supernaturally before she could arrive. She was shown a crystal palace floor she mistook for water. Overwhelmed, she declared: 'My Lord, I have wronged myself, and I submit with Sulayman to Allah, Lord of the worlds' (27:44). Her conversion is the Quran's model of reason leading to faith.

🏛️ Civilization: Kingdom of Saba / United Kingdom of Israel
📍 Region: Kingdom of Saba (Yemen) and Jerusalem
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