Surah An-Naml • Ayah 28
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Sulayman's Letter to BilqisAllah tells us what Sulayman said to the hoopoe when he told him about the people of Saba' and their queen:قَالَ سَنَنظُرُ أَصَدَقْتَ أَمْ كُنتَ مِنَ الْكَـذِبِينَ ((Sulayman) said: "We shall see whether you speak the truth or you are (one) of the liars.") meaning, `are you telling the truth'أَمْ كُنتَ مِنَ الْكَـذِبِينَ(or you are (one) of the liars.) meaning, `or are you telling a lie in order to save yourself from the threat I made against you'اذْهَب بِّكِتَابِى هَـذَا فَأَلْقِهْ إِلَيْهِمْ ثُمَّ تَوَلَّ عَنْهُمْ فَانْظُرْ مَاذَا يَرْجِعُونَ (Go you with this letter of mine and deliver it to them then draw back from them and see what they return.) Sulayman wrote a letter to Bilqis and her people and gave it to the hoopoe to deliver. It was said that he carried it on his wings, as is the way with birds, or that he carried it in his beak. He went to their land and found the palace of Bilqis, then he went to her private chambers and threw the letter through a small window, then he stepped to one side out of good manners. Bilqis was amazed and confused when she saw that, then she went and picked up the letter, opened its seal and read it. The letter said:إِنَّهُ مِن سُلَيْمَانَ وَإِنَّهُ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ - أَلاَّ تَعْلُواْ عَلَىَّ وَأْتُونِى مُسْلِمِينَ (it is from Sulayman, and it (reads): `In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful; Be you not exalted against me, but come to me submitting (as Muslims).') So she gathered her commanders and ministers and the leaders of her land, and said to them:يأَيُّهَا الْمَلأُ إِنَّى أُلْقِىَ إِلَىَّ كِتَابٌ كَرِيمٌ("O chiefs! Verily, here is delivered to me a noble letter.") She described it as such because of the wondrous things she had seen, that it was delivered by a bird who threw it to her, then stood aside out of good manners. This was something that no king could do. Then she read the letter to them:إِنَّهُ مِن سُلَيْمَانَ وَإِنَّهُ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ - أَلاَّ تَعْلُواْ عَلَىَّ وَأْتُونِى مُسْلِمِينَ (Verily, it is from Sulayman, and it (reads): `In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful; Be you not exalted against me, but come to me submitting (as Muslims).') Thus they knew that it was from Allah's Prophet Sulayman, upon him be peace, and that they could not match him. This letter was the utmost in brevity and eloquence, coming straight to the point.أَلاَّ تَعْلُواْ عَلَىَّ(Be you not exalted against me,) Qatadah said: "Do not be arrogant with me.وَأْتُونِى مُسْلِمِينَ(but come to me submitting (as Muslims). )" `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said: "Do not refuse or be too arrogant to come to meوَأْتُونِى مُسْلِمِينَ(but come to me submitting (as Muslims).)"
تحقیق شروع ہو گئی ٭٭ہدہد کی خبر سنتے ہی سلیمان علیہ السلام نے اس کی تحقیق شروع کر دی کہ اگر یہ سچا ہے تو قابل معافی ہے اور اگر جھوٹا ہے تو قابل سزا ہے۔ اسی سے فرمایا کہ میرا یہ خط بلقیس کو جو وہاں کی فرمانروا ہے دے آ۔ اس خط کو چونچ میں لے کر یا پر سے بندھواکر ہدہد اڑا۔ وہاں پہنچ کر بلقیس کے محل میں گیا وہ اس وقت خلوت خانہ میں تھی۔ اس نے ایک طاق میں سے وہ خط اس کے سامنے رکھا اور ادب کے ساتھ ایک طرف ہو گیا۔ اسے سخت تعجب معلوم ہوا حیرت ہوئی اور ساتھ ہی کچھ خوف زدہ بھی ہوئی۔ خط کو اٹھا کر مہر توڑ کر خط کھول کر پڑھا اس کے مضمون سے واقف ہو کر اپنے امراء وزراء سردار اور رؤسا کو جمع کیا اور کہنے لگی کہ ایک باوقعت خط میرے سامنے ڈالا گیا ہے اس خط کا باوقعت ہونا اس پر اس سے بھی ظاہر ہو گیا تھا کہ ایک جانور اسے لاتا ہے وہ ہوشیاری اور احتیاط سے پہنچاتا ہے۔ سامنے با ادب رکھ کر ایک طرف ہو جاتا ہے تو جان گئی تھی کہ یہ خط مکرم ہے اور کسی باعزت شخص کا بھیجا ہوا ہے۔ پھر خط کامضمون سب کو پڑھ کرسنایا کہ یہ خط سلیمان علیہ السلام کا ہے اور اس کے شروع میں «بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم» لکھا ہوا ہے ساتھ ہی مسلمان ہونے اور تابع فرمان بننے کی دعوت ہے۔ اب سب نے پہچان لیا کہ یہ اللہ کے پیغمبر کا دعوت نامہ ہے اور ہم میں سے کسی میں ان کے مقابلے کی تاب وطاقت نہیں۔ پھر خط کی بلاغت اختصار اور وضاحت نے سب کو حیران کر دیا یہ مختصر سی عبارت بہت سی باتوں سے سوا ہے۔ دریا کو کوزہ میں بند کر دیا ہے علماء کرام کا مقولہ ہے کہ سلیمان علیہ السلام سے پہلے کسی نے خط میں «بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم» نہیں لکھی۔صفحہ نمبر6423ایک غریب اور ضعیف حدیث ابن ابی حاتم میں ہے سیدنا بریدہ رضی اللہ عنہ فرماتے ہیں میں نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے ساتھ جا رہا تھا کہ آپ نے فرمایا میں ایک ایسی آیت جانتا ہوں جو مجھ سے پہلے سلیمان بن داؤد علیہ السلام کے بعد کسی نبی پر نہیں اتری میں نے کہا حضور وہ کون سی آیت ہے؟ آپ نے فرمایا مسجد سے جانے سے پہلے ہی میں تجھے بتا دوں گا اب آپ نکلنے لگے ایک پاؤں مسجد سے باہر رکھ بھی دیامیرے جی میں آیا شاید آپ بھول گئے۔ اتنے میں آپ نے یہی آیت پڑھی۔ [ضعیف:اس میں عبدالکریم راوی ضعیف ہے] اور روایت میں ہے کہ جب تک یہ آیت نہیں اتری تھی نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم دعا «باسمک اللہم» تحریر فرمایا کرتے تھے۔ جب یہ آیت اتری آپ نے «بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم» لکھنا شرع کیا۔ خط کا مضمون صرف اسی قدر تھا کہ میرے سامنے سرکشی نہ کرو مجھے مجبور نہ کرو میری بات مان لو تکبر سے کام نہ لو موحد مخلص مطیع بن کر میرے پاس چلی آؤ۔صفحہ نمبر6424
آیت 28 اِذْہَبْ بِّکِتٰبِیْ ہٰذَا فَاَلْقِہْ اِلَیْہِمْ ثُمَّ تَوَلَّ عَنْہُمْ فَانْظُرْ مَاذَا یَرْجِعُوْنَ ”چنانچہ وہ ہدہد حضرت سلیمان علیہ السلام کا خط لے گیا اور جا کر ملکہ کے آس پاس یا شاید اس کی خواب گاہ میں پھینک دیا۔ ملکہ نے یہ غیر معمولی خط پڑھا تو فوری طور پر قوم کے بڑے بڑے سرداروں کو مشورے کے لیے دربار میں طلب کرلیا۔
Letters and writings are enough proof on religious matters in the normal circumstancesاذْهَب بِّكِتَابِي هَـٰذَا (Go with this letter of mine - 28). Sayyidna Sulaiman (علیہ السلام) considered it enough to write to the queen of Saba' (Sheba) for the fulfillment of his duty to invite her to faith, and hence sent her a letter. This shows that in the normal circumstances the letter or writing is an acceptable proof. The religious jurists did not accept a letter as an evidence only where a proper personal evidence is required under Islamic law, because testimony is not allowed on telephone or by letter. It has been made mandatory for the witnesses to appear in person before the court. There is a lot of wisdom in this law. Under any law of the world prevalent in any country it is compulsory for the witnesses to appear before the court in person, and the testimony through letter or telephone is not accepted.Writing letters and sending them to the disbelievers is permissibleAnother matter that has been pro-ved by the letter of Sayyidna Sulaiman (علیہ السلام) is that in preaching of religion and invitation to Islam it is permissible to write letters to disbelievers and infidels. According to many Sahih ahadith it is established that the Holy Prophet ﷺ had also written letters to many infidels.Social etiquettes should always be observed, no matter if it is a gathering of infidelsفَأَلْقِهْ إِلَيْهِمْ ثُمَّ تَوَلَّ عَنْهُمْThrow it down to them, then turn back from them - 27:28When Sayyidna Sulaiman (علیہ السلام) made use of the hoopoe as a courier, he also taught him the social etiquette that after delivering the letter to Queen of Saba' it should move out of her court, which is the norm of the royal courts. This shows that observance of social etiquettes and good human behavior is desirable as a general rule.
Sulayman (Solomon) was given extraordinary dominion over humans, jinn, wind, and animals. His kingdom was the most magnificent of its time. The Quran recounts his interaction with the Hoopoe bird (Hudhud) who reported on the Queen of Sheba (Bilqis), who then submitted to Allah. Historically, Solomon's kingdom (c. 970–931 BCE) is associated with Jerusalem. The Queen of Sheba is historically associated with the ancient kingdom of Saba (Sheba) in modern-day Yemen.
The Queen of Sheba (Bilqis in Islamic tradition) ruled the ancient kingdom of Saba (Sheba) in southern Arabia (modern Yemen). The Quran describes her visit to Prophet Sulayman after receiving his letter. She was tested with the glass floor and recognized that Sulayman's power came from God. She ultimately submitted to Allah. The ancient Kingdom of Saba (c. 900–100 BCE) has been extensively documented archaeologically in Yemen, with the great dam of Ma'rib being its most famous monument.
The Quran records Sulayman's review of his armies of jinn, humans, and birds (27:17-20), and the Hoopoe (Hudhud) reporting news of the Queen of Sheba. Sulayman sent her a letter beginning 'In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.' This formula (Bismillah) appears in the letter as recorded in the Quran (27:30), making it a historically documented use of the Basmala. The Queen's submission to Allah is a paradigm of peaceful dawah and dialogue.
The Queen of Saba (Sheba / Bilqis) ruled a prosperous Yemeni kingdom and worshipped the sun. Upon receiving Sulayman's letter, she consulted her advisers, sent gifts, and eventually came to Sulayman's court. Her throne was brought to Sulayman supernaturally before she could arrive. She was shown a crystal palace floor she mistook for water. Overwhelmed, she declared: 'My Lord, I have wronged myself, and I submit with Sulayman to Allah, Lord of the worlds' (27:44). Her conversion is the Quran's model of reason leading to faith.
The Quran (27:20-28) records Sulayman noticing the absence of the Hoopoe bird from the army assembly, threatening punishment upon its return. The Hoopoe returned with a detailed intelligence report about the Queen of Saba and her sun-worshipping people. Sulayman used this information to send a letter via the Hoopoe. Modern ornithology has established that hoopoes (Upupa epops) are known for their intelligence, long-distance navigation, and complex social behaviors. The Quran's presentation of the Hoopoe as a reliable messenger is zoologically plausible.
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