Surah At-Tariq (The Nightcommer) • Ayah 1
BY
By the sky and the night comer
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Which was revealed in MakkahThe Virtues of Surat At-TariqAn-Nasa'i recorded that Jabir said, "Mu`adh lead the Maghrib prayer and he recited Al-Baqarah and An-Nisa'. So the Prophet said,«أَفَتَّانٌ أَنْتَ يَا مُعَاذُ، مَا كَانَ يَكْفِيكَ أَنْ تَقْرَأَ بِالسَّمَاءِ وَالطَّارِقِ وَالشَّمْسِ وَضُحَاهَا وَنَحْوِهَا؟»(Are you putting the people to trial O Mu`adh! Was it not sufficient for you to recite As-Sama'i wat-Tariq, and Ash-Shamsi wa Duhaha, and something like them)بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِIn the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.Swearing by the Existence of Humanity surrounded by the Organized System of AllahAllah swears by the heaven and what He has placed in it of radiant stars. Thus, He says,وَالسَّمَآءِ وَالطَّارِقِ(By the heaven, and At-Tariq;) Then He says,وَمَآ أَدْرَاكَ مَا الطَّارِقُ(And what will make you to know what At-Tariq is) Then He explains it by His saying,النَّجْمُ الثَّاقِبُ(The star of Ath-Thaqib.) Qatadah and others have said, "The star has been named Tariq because it is only seen at night and it is hidden during the day." His view is supported by what has been mentioned in the authentic Hadith that prohibits a man to come to his family Taruq. This means that he comes to them unexpectedly at nighttime. Concerning Allah's statement,الثَّاقِبُ(Ath-Thaqib.) Ibn `Abbas said, "The illuminating." `Ikrimah said, "It is illuminating and it burns the Shaytan" Then Allah says,إِن كُلُّ نَفْسٍ لَّمَّا عَلَيْهَا حَافِظٌ(There is no human being but has a protector over him.) meaning, every soul has a guardian over it from Allah that protects it from the calamities. This is as Allah says,لَهُ مُعَقِّبَـتٌ مِّن بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِ يَحْفَظُونَهُ مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ(For Him, there are angels in succession, before and behind him. They guard him by the command of Allah.) (13:11)How Man is created is a Proof of Allah's Ability to Return Him to HimAllah says,فَلْيَنظُرِ الإِنسَـنُ مِمَّ خُلِقَ(So, let man see from what he is created!) This is alerting man to the weakness of his origin from which he was created. The intent of it is to guide man to accept (the reality of) the Hereafter, because whoever is able to begin the creation then he is also able to repeat it in the same way. This is as Allah says,وَهُوَ الَّذِى يَبْدَأُ الْخَلْقَ ثُمَّ يُعِيدُهُ وَهُوَ أَهْوَنُ عَلَيْهِ(And He it is Who originates the creation, then He will repeat it; and this is easier for Him.) (30:27) Then Allah says,خُلِقَ مِن مَّآءٍ دَافِقٍ(He is created from a water gushing forth.) meaning, the sexual fluid that comes out bursting forth from the man and the woman. Thus, the child is produced from both of them by the permission of Allah. Due to this Allah says,يَخْرُجُ مِن بَيْنِ الصُّلْبِ وَالتَّرَآئِبِ(Proceeding from between the backbone and the ribs.) meaning, the backbone (or loins) of the man and the ribs of the woman, which is referring to her chest. Shabib bin Bishr reported from `Ikrimah who narrated from Ibn `Abbas that he said,يَخْرُجُ مِن بَيْنِ الصُّلْبِ وَالتَّرَآئِبِ(Proceeding from between the backbone and the ribs.) "The backbone of the man and the ribs of the woman. It (the fluid) is yellow and fine in texture. The child will not be born except from both of them (i.e., their sexual fluids)." Concerning Allah's statement,إِنَّهُ عَلَى رَجْعِهِ لَقَادِرٌ(Verily, He is Able to bring him back (to life)!) This means that He is able to return this man that is created from fluid gushed forth. In other words, He is able to repeat his creation and resurrect him to the final abode. This is clearly possible, because whoever is able to begin the creation then he surely is able to repeat it. Indeed Allah has mentioned this proof in more than one place in the Qur'an.On the Day of Judgement, Man will have no Power or AssistanceIn this regard Allah says,يَوْمَ تُبْلَى السَّرَآئِرُ(The Day when all the secrets will be examined.) meaning, on the Day of Judgement the secrets will be tested. This means that they will be exposed and made manifest. Thus, the secret will be made open and that which is concealed will be well known. It is confirmed in the Two Sahihs on the authority of Ibn `Umar that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,«يُرْفَعُ لِكُلِّ غَادِرٍ لِوَاءٌ عِنْدَ اسْتِهِ يُقَالُ: هذِهِ غَدْرَةُ فُلَانِ بْنِ فُلَان»(Every betrayer will have a flag raised for him behind his back, and it will be said, `This is the betrayal of so-and-so, the son of so-and-so.') Concerning Allah's statement,فَمَا لَهُ(Then he will have no) meaning, man on the Day of Judgement.مِن قُوَّةٍ(any power) meaning, within himself.وَلاَ نَاصِرٍ(nor any helper.) meaning, from other than himself. This statement means that he will not be able to save himself from the torment of Allah, and nor will anyone else be able to save him.
تفسیر سورۃ الطارق:مسند احمد میں ہے کہ خالد بن ابوحبل عدوانی رضی اللہ عنہ نے ثقیف قبیلے کی مشرق کی طرف رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کو لکڑی یا کمان پر ٹیک لگائے ہوئے اس پوری سورت کو پڑھتے سنا جبکہ آپ ان لوگوں سے مدد طلب کرنے کے لیے یہاں آئے تھے۔ سیدنا خالد نے اسے یاد کر لیا جب یہ ثقیف کے پاس واپس آئے تو ان سے پوچھا یہ کیا کہہ رہے ہیں؟ یہ بھی اس وقت مشرک تھے انہوں نے بیان کیا تو جتنے قریش وہاں تھے جلدی سے بول پڑے کہ اگر یہ حق ہوتا تو کیا اب تک ہم نہ مان لیتے [مسند احمد:335/4:ضعیف] نسائی میں سیدنا جابر رضی اللہ عنہ سے مروی ہے کہ سیدنا معاذ رضی اللہ عنہ نے مغرب کی نماز میں سورۃ بقرہ یا سورۃ نساء پڑھی تو نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے فرمایا: اے معاذ! کیا تو فتنے میں ڈالنے والا ہے؟ کیا یہ تجھے کافی نہ تھا کہ «وَالسَّمَاءِ وَالطَّارِقِ» [86-الطارق:1] اور «وَالشَّمْسِ وَضُحٰىهَا» [91-الشمس:1] اور ایسی ہی اور سورتیں پڑھ لیتا۔ [سنن نسائی:672،قال الشيخ الألباني:صحیح] تخلیق انسان ٭٭اللہ تعالیٰ آسمانوں کی اور ان کے روشن ستاروں کی قسم کھاتا ہے «طارق» کی تفسیر چمکتے ستارے سے کی ہے وجہ یہ ہے کہ دن کو چھپے رہتے ہیں اور رات کو ظاہر ہو جاتے ہیں۔ ایک صحیح حدیث میں ہے کہ «نَهَى أَنْ يَطْرُقَ الرَّجُلُ أَهْلَهُ طُرُوقًا» رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے منع فرمایا کہ کوئی اپنے گھر رات کے وقت بے خبر آ جائے ۔ [صحیح بخاری:1801] یہاں بھی لفظ «طُرُوقً» ہے، آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی ایک دعا «إِلَّا طَارِقًا يَطْرُقُ بِخَيْرٍ يَا رَحْمَنُ» میں بھی «طَارِقً» کا لفظ آیا ہے۔ [مسند احمد:419/3:حسن] «ثَّاقِبُ» کہتے ہیں چمکیلے اور روشن ستارے کو جو شیطان پر گرتا ہے اور اسے جلا دیتا ہے، ہر شخص پر اللہ کی طرف سے ایک محافظ مقرر ہے جو اسے آفات سے بچاتا ہے۔ جیسے اور جگہ ہے «لَهُ مُعَقِّبَاتٌ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِ يَحْفَظُونَهُ مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّـهِ» [13-الرعد:11] الخ یعنی ” آگے پیچھے سے باری باری آنے والے فرشتے مقرر ہیں جو اللہ کے حکم سے بندے کی حفاظت کرتے ہیں “۔ انسان کی ضعیفی کا بیان ہو رہا ہے کہ دیکھو تو اس کی اصل کیا ہے اور گویا اس میں نہایت باریکی کے ساتھ قیامت کا یقین دلایا گیا ہے کہ جو ابتدائی پیدائش پر قادر ہے وہ لوٹانے پر قادر کیوں نہ ہو گا۔10496جیسے فرمایا «وَهُوَ الَّذِي يَبْدَأُ الْخَلْقَ ثُمَّ يُعِيدُهُ وَهُوَ أَهْوَنُ عَلَيْهِ» [30-الروم:27] الخ یعنی ” جس نے پہلے پیدا کیا وہ ہی دوبارہ لوٹائے گا اور یہ اس پر بہت ہی آسان ہے “۔ انسان اچھلنے والے پانی یعنی عورت، مرد کی منی سے پیدا کیا گیا ہے جو مرد کی پیٹھ سے اور عورت کی چھاتی سے نکلتی ہے، عورت کا یہ پانی زرد رنگ کا اور پتلا ہوتا ہے اور دونوں سے بچہ کی پیدائش ہوتی ہے۔ «تَّرَائِبُ» کہتے ہیں ہار کی جگہ کو کندھوں سے لے کر سینے تک کو بھی کہا گیا ہے اور نرخرے سے نیچے کو بھی کہا گیا ہے اور چھاتیوں سے اوپر کے حصہ کو بھی کہا گیا ہے اور نیچے کی طرف چار پسلیوں کو بھی کہا گیا ہے اور دونوں چھاتیوں اور دونوں پیروں اور دونوں آنکھوں کے درمیان کو بھی کہا گیا ہے، دل کے نچوڑ کو بھی کہا گیا ہے، سینہ اور پیٹھ کے درمیان کو بھی کہا جاتا ہے وہ اس کے لوٹانے پر قادر ہے یعنی نکلے ہوئے پانی کو اس کی جگہ واپس پہنچا دینے پر اور یہ مطلب کہ اسے دوبارہ پیدا کر کے آخرت کی طرف لوٹانے پر بھی پچھلا قول ہی اچھا ہے۔ اور یہ دلیل کئی مرتبہ بیان ہو چکی ہے پھر فرمایا کہ قیامت کے دن پوشیدگیاں کھل جائیں گی راز ظاہر ہو جائیں گے بھید آشکار ہو جائیں گے۔ رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم فرماتے ہیں: ”ہر غدار کی رانوں کے درمیان اس کے غدار کا جھنڈا گاڑ دیا جائے گا اور اعلان ہو جائے گا کہ یہ فلاں بن فلاں کی غداری ہے“ ۔ [صحیح بخاری:6178] اس دن نہ تو خود انسان کو کوئی قوت حاصل ہو گی نہ اس کا کوئی مددگار کوئی اور کھڑا ہو گا یعنی نہ تو خود اپنے آپ کو عذابوں سے بچا سکے گا نہ کوئی اور ہو گا جو اسے اللہ کے عذاب سے بچا سکے۔10497
آیت 22{ فِیْ لَوْحٍ مَّحْفُوْظٍ۔ } ”لوحِ محفوظ میں نقش ہے۔“ یعنی اصل قرآن مجید اللہ تعالیٰ کے پاس لوح محفوظ میں ہے۔ جس مقام کا ذکر یہاں لوحٍ مَّحْفوظ کے نام سے ہوا ہے ‘ سورة الزخرف کی آیت 4 میں اسے اُمُّ الْکِتٰب ‘ سورة الواقعہ کی آیت 78 میں کِتٰبٍ مَّـکْنُوْن اور سورة عبس کی آیات 13 اور 14 میں اسے صُحُفٍ مُّکَرَّمَۃٍ مَّرْفُوْعَۃٍ مُّطَھَّرَۃٍ کہا گیا ہے۔
CommentaryAfter swearing an oath by the sky and stars, in this Surah, Allah asserts that He has assigned a guardian angel to every human being who watches over his deeds and actions, and accurate and immediate record is kept on the basis of which the reckoning will be made, and on the Day of Reckoning, all secrets will be revealed. The rational conclusion is that man must ponder over the consequences of the deeds he is doing in this life. Therefore, he should not, at any moment of his life, lose sight of what is to happen on the Day of Reckoning. Thereafter, the verse disposes of a doubt that the Satan perennially casts into the people's hearts. When they are dead and have become dust and decomposed particles, how will they be recomposed and life be brought back? This seems to be an imaginary thought, rather, in the view of the general public, it is impossible. In answer to this doubt, man is invited to reflect on his origin. At the inception, he was created from various elements collected from throughout the world, and Allah's Power transformed them into a human being who is able to listen and see. Allah Who has created him and looked after him is well able to bring him back to life after death. Then some events of the Day of Judgment are mentioned. Then, after swearing an oath by the earth and the sky, the negligent man is told that the Hereafter he is urged to care about is no joke or amusement, but it is a reality that has to come to pass. Towards the end of the Surah, the unbelievers pose the question: If Allah abhors disbelief, idolatry and sins, why then does He not punish us in this life? The Surah ends with a rebuttal to this question. Let us now explain some expressions used in the Surah:The first oath, in the beginning of the Surah, is by the sky and tariq. The word tariq means the 'Night-Corner'. Stars normally disappear during the day and only appear at night, therefore they are called tariq. The Qur'an itself raises the question:وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا الطَّارِقُ (and what may let you know what the Night-Comer is?...86:2) and then answers the question thus: النَّجْمُ الثَّاقِبُ (The star of piercing brightness!...86:3). The word najm means 'star'. The Qur'an does not specify any particular 'star'. Therefore, it may be applied to any star. Some of the commentators say that najm refers to the Pleiades or Saturn, and they quote specimens of Arabic speech to confirm their argument. The word thaqib means 'piercing brightness'.
🔬 Scientific Connections & Modern Discoveries in Surah At-Tariq : 1
Empirical observations, cosmic phenomena, and biological facts correlated with this Ayah.
🪐 Astronomy / Cosmology
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