Surah Al-Anfal • Ayah 45
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Manners of WarAllah instructs His faithful servants in the manners of fighting and methods of courage when meeting the enemy in battle,يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ إِذَا لَقِيتُمْ فِئَةً فَاثْبُتُواْ(O you who believe! When you meet (an enemy) force, take a firm stand against them) In the Two Sahihs, it is recorded that `Abdullah bin Abi Awfa said that during one battle, Allah's Messenger ﷺ waited until the sun declined, then stood among the people and said,«يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ لَا تَتَمَنَّوْا لِقَاءَ الْعَدُوِّ، واسْأَلُوا اللهَ الْعَافِيَةَ فَإِذَا لَقِيتُمُوهُمْ فَاصْبِرُوا وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ الْجَنَّةَ تَحْتَ ظِلَالِ السُّيُوف»(O people! Do not wish to face the enemy (in a battle) and ask Allah to save you (from calamities). But if you should face the enemy, then be patient and let it be known to you that Paradise is under the shadows of the swords.)He then stood and said,«اللَّهُمَّ مُنْزِلَ الْكِتَابِ، وَمُجْرِي السَّحَابِ، وَهَازِمَ الْأَحْزَابِ، اهْزِمْهُمْ وَانْصُرْنَا عَلَيْهِم»(O Allah! Revealer of the (Holy) Book, Mover of the clouds, and Defeater of the Confederates, defeat them and grant us victory over them.)The Command for Endurance when the Enemy EngagingAllah commands endurance upon meeting the enemy in battle and ordains patience while fighting them. Muslims are not allowed to run or shy away, or show cowardice in battle. They are commanded to remember Allah while in that condition and never neglect His remembrance. They should rather invoke Him for support, trust in Him and seek victory over their enemies from Him. They are required to obey Allah and His Messenger in such circumstances adhering to what He commanded them, and abstaining from what He forbade them. They are required to avoid disputing with each other, for this might lead to their defeat and failure,وَتَذْهَبَ رِيحُكُمْ(lest your strength departs), so that your strength, endurance and courage do not depart from you,وَاصْبِرُواْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الصَّـبِرِينَ(and be patient. Surely, Allah is with the patients.)In their courage, and obedience to Allah and His Messenger, the Companions reached a level never seen before by any nation or generation before them, or any nation that will ever come. Through the blessing of the Messenger ﷺ and their obedience to what he commanded, the Companions were able to open the hearts, as well as, the various eastern and western parts of the world in a rather short time. This occurred even though they were few, compared to the armies of the various nations at that time. For example, the Romans, Persians, Turks, Slavs, Berbers, Ethiopians, Sudanese tribes, the Copts and the rest of the Children of Adam. They defeated all of these nations, until Allah's Word became the highest and His religion became dominant above all religions. The Islamic state spread over the eastern and western parts of the world in less than thirty years. May Allah grant them His pleasure, as well as, be pleased with them all, and may He gather us among them, for He is the Most Generous, and Giving.
جہاد کے وقت کثرت سے اللہ کا ذکر ٭٭اللہ تعالیٰ اپنے مومن بندوں کو لڑائی کی کامیابی کی تدبیر اور دشمن کے مقابلے کے وقت شجاعت کا سبق سکھا رہا ہے ایک غزوے میں رسول مقبول صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے سورج ڈھلنے کے بعد کھڑے ہو کر فرمایا: لوگو دشمن سے مقابلے کی تمنا نہ کرو اللہ تعالیٰ سے عافیت مانگتے رہو لیکن جب دشمنوں سے مقابلہ ہو جائے تو استقلال رکھو اور یقین مانو کہ جنت تلواروں کے سائے تلے ہے۔ پھر آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے کھڑے ہو کر اللہ تعالیٰ سے دعا کی کہ اے سچی کتاب کے نازل فرمانے والے اے بادلوں کے چلانے والے اور لشکروں کو ہزیمت دینے والے اللہ ان کافروں کو شکست دے اور ان پر ہماری مدد فرما۔ [صحیح بخاری:2818] عبدالرزاق کی روایت میں ہے کہ دشمن کے مقابلے کی تمنا نہ کرو اور مقابلے کے وقت ثابت قدمی اور اولوالعزمی دکھاؤ گو وہ چیخیں چلائیں لیکن تم خاموش رہا کرو۔ [عبد الرزاق:9518:ضعیف] طبرانی میں ہے تین وقت ایسے ہیں جن میں اللہ تعالیٰ کو خاموشی پسند ہے [ ١ ] تلاوت قرآن کے وقت [ ٢ ] جہاد کے وقت اور [ ٣ ] جنازے کے وقت۔ [طبرانی کبیر:5130:ضعیف] ایک اور حدیث میں ہے کامل بندہ وہ ہے جو دشمن کے مقابلے کے وقت میرا ذکر کرتا رہے یعنی اس حال میں بھی میرے ذکر کو مجھ سے دعا کرنے اور فریاد کرنے کو ترک نہ کرے۔ [سنن ترمذي:3580،قال الشيخ الألباني:ضعیف] قتادہ رحمہ اللہ فرماتے ہیں لڑائی کے دوران یعنی جب تلوار چلتی ہو تب بھی اللہ تعالیٰ نے اپنا ذکر فرض رکھا ہے۔ عطا رحمتہ اللہ علیہ کا قول ہے کہ چپ رہنا اور ذکر اللہ کرنا لڑائی کے وقت بھی واجب ہے پھر آپ نے یہی آیت تلاوت فرمائی۔ تو جریج نے آپ سے دریافت کیا کہ اللہ تعالیٰ کی یاد بلند آواز سے کریں؟ آپ نے فرمایا ہاں کعب احبار فرماتے ہیں قرآن کریم کی تلاوت اور ذکر اللہ سے زیادہ محبوب اللہ کے نزدیک اور کوئی چیز نہیں۔صفحہ نمبر3325اس میں بھی اولیٰ وہ ہے جس کا حکم لوگوں کو نماز میں کیا گیا ہے اور جہاد میں کیا تم نہیں دیکھتے؟ کہ اللہ تبارک و تعالیٰ نے بوقت جہاد بھی اپنے ذکر کا حکم فرمایا ہے پھر آپ رحمہ اللہ نے یہی آیت پڑھی۔ شاعر کہتا ہے کہ عین جنگ و جدال کے وقت بھی میرے دل میں تیری یاد ہوتی ہے۔ عنترہ کہتا ہے نیزوں اور تلواروں کے شپاشپ چلتے ہوئے بھی میں تجھے یاد کرتا رہتا ہوں۔ پس آیت میں جناب باری نے دشمنوں کے مقابلے کے وقت میدان جنگ میں ثابت قدم رہنے اور صبر و استقامت کا حکم دیا کہ ” نامرد، بزدل اور ڈرپوک نہ بنو اللہ کو یاد کرو اسے نہ بھولو۔ اس سے فریاد کرو اس سے دعائیں کرو اسی پر بھروسہ رکھو اس سے مدد طلب کرو۔ یہی کامیابی کے گر ہیں۔ اس وقت بھی اللہ رسول صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی اطاعت کو ہاتھ سے نہ جانے دو وہ جو فرمائیں بجا لاؤ جن سے روکیں رک جاؤ آپس میں جھگڑے اور اختلاف نہ پھیلاؤ ورنہ ذلیل ہو جاؤ گے بزدلی جم جائے گی ہوا اکھڑ جائے گی۔ قوت اور تیزی جاتی رہے گی اقبال اور ترقی رک جائے گی۔ دیکھو صبر کا دامن نہ چھوڑو اور یقین رکھو کہ صابروں کے ساتھ خود اللہ ہوتا ہے۔“صفحہ نمبر3326صحابہ کرام رضی اللہ عنہم ان احکام میں ایسے پورے اترے کہ ان کی مثال اگلوں میں بھی نہیں پیچھے والوں کا تو ذکر ہی کیا ہے؟ یہی شجاعت یہی اطاعت رسول صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم یہی صبر و استقلال تھا جس کے باعث مدد ربانی شامل حال رہی اور بہت ہی کم مدت میں باوجود تعداد اور اسباب کی کمی کے مشرق و مغرب کو فتح کر لیا نہ صرف لوگوں کے ملکوں کے ہی مالک بنے بلکہ ان کے دلوں کو بھی فتح کر کے اللہ کی طرف لگا دیا۔ رومیوں اور فارسیوں کو ترکوں اور صقلیہ کو بربریوں اور حبشیوں کو سوڈانیوں اور قبطیوں کو غرض دنیا کے گوروں کالوں کو مغلوب کر لیا اللہ کے کلمہ کو بلند کیا دین حق کو پھیلایا اور اسلامی حکومت کو دنیا کے کونے کونے میں جما دیا اللہ ان سے خوش رہے اور انہیں بھی خوش رکھے۔ خیال تو کرو کہ تیس سال میں دنیا کا نقشہ بدل دیا تاریخ کا ورق پلٹ دیا۔ اللہ تعالیٰ ہمارا بھی انہی کی جماعت میں حشر کرے وہ کریم و وھاب ہے۔صفحہ نمبر3327
آیت 45 یٰٓاَیُّہَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْٓا اِذَا لَقِیْتُمْ فِءَۃً فَاثْبُتُوْا یہ وہ دور تھا جب حق و باطل میں مسلّح تصادم شروع ہوچکا تھا اور دین کے غلبے کی جدوجہد آخری مرحلے میں داخل ہوچکی تھی۔ غزوۂ بدر اس سلسلے کی پہلی جنگ تھی اور ابھی بہت سی مزید جنگیں لڑی جانی تھیں۔ اس پس منظر میں مسلمانوں کو میدان جنگ اور جنگی حکمت عملی کے بارے میں ضروری ہدایات دی جا رہی ہیں کہ جب بھی کسی فوج سے میدان جنگ میں تمہارا مقابلہ ہو تو تم ثابت قدم رہو ‘ اور کبھی بھی ‘ کسی بھی حالت میں دشمن کو پیٹھ نہ دکھاؤ۔وَاذْکُرُوا اللّٰہَ کَثِیْرًا لَّعَلَّکُمْ تُفْلِحُوْنَ ۔حالت جنگ میں بھی اللہ کو کثرت سے یاد کرتے رہو ‘ کیونکہ تمہاری اصل طاقت کا انحصار اللہ کی مدد پر ہے۔ لہٰذا تم اللہ پر بھروسہ رکھو : وَاصْبِرْ وَمَا صَبْرُکَ الاَّ باللّٰہِ النحل : 127 ‘ کیونکہ ایک بندۂ مؤمن کا صبر اللہ کے بھروسے پر ہی ہوتا ہے۔ اگر تمہارے دل اللہ کی یاد سے منور ہوں گے ‘ اس کے ساتھ قلبی اور روحانی تعلق استوار ہوگا ‘ تو تمہیں ثابت قدم رہنے کے لیے سہارا ملے گا ‘ اور اگر اللہ کے ساتھ تمہارا یہ تعلق کمزور پڑگیا تو پھر تمہاری ہمت بھی جواب دے دے گی۔
CommentaryQur'anic Instructions for Success in JihadGiven in the first two verses cited above is a special set of instructions for Muslims when they confront enemies on the battlefield. These instructions from Allah Ta` ala are for them the master prescription of success and ascendancy in the present world as well as that of salvation and prosperity in the eternal life to come. In fact, the secret of unusual successes and victories achieved by Muslims in all wars fought by them during the early period lies hidden behind their adherence to these very golden guidelines - and they are:1. Be SteadfastThe Arabic word used by the Qur'an is ثَبات thibat which means to stand firm, hold the ground, be steadfast. This includes firmness of the feet and firmness of the heart both because a person whose heart is not strong and firm can hardly be expected to have the rest of his body hold the ground. This is something everyone knows and understands, believer or disbeliever. Every nation of the world gives high priority to this strength in its wars because all experienced people know it well that the first and foremost weapon in the theater of war is nothing but the firmness of heart and feet. Without these, all weapons are rendered useless.2.Remember AllahThe second principle is the Dhikr of Allah which is a weapon in its own right, special and spiritual, something known to Muslims only and not known to or neglected by the rest of the world. The world as we know it today would do anything to get together state-of-the-art weapon systems for their war plans, the latest in logistics and morale boosting sessions to inculcate combat firmness among forces - but, strangely enough, it is unaware and unexposed to this spiritual weapon of Muslims. This is the reason why Muslims, wherever they had to confront some other nation while following these instructions precisely as given, they were able to demolish superior forces of the adversary laced with men, weapons and war materials. As for the inherent spiritual benediction of the Dhikr of Allah, they have a place of their own in our lives, nevertheless, it is also difficult to deny its efficacy in enabling one to continue to hold on and remain standing firm on his feet. To remember Allah and to be confident about it is like a highly charged electronic energy which makes a weak person run through mountains. No matter what the odds be against, personal discomfort or emotional anxiety, this remembrance of Allah shoos all that into thin air making the heart of man strong and his feet firm.At this stage, let us keep in mind that the time of a raging battle is usually a terrible time when no one remembers anyone and everyone is consumed with the thought of self-preservation. Therefore, the poets of pagan Arabia take great pride in insisting that they remember their beloved even during the heat of the battlefield. To them, this was a proof of the power of heart and the firmness of love. A pagan poet has said: ذکرتک والخطی یخطر بیننا (I remembered you even at a time when spears were swinging dangerously between us).The Holy Qur'an has prompted Muslims to engage in the Dhikr of Allah even in this dangerous situation, and that too with the emphasis on: کَثِیراً (kathira : much).Also worth pondering over at this point is the fact that no other act of worship (` Ibadah), except the Dhikr of Allah, has been commanded in the entire Qur'an with the instruction that it be done abundantly and profusely. Expressions like (making صَلوٰۃً کَثِیراً Salah much) and: صِیاماً کثیرا (fasting much) have not been mentioned anywhere. The reason is that the Dhikr of Allah is easy to do, a convenient act of worship indeed. You do not have to spend a lot of time and labour doing it, nor does it stop you from doing something else on hand. On top of that, this is an exclusive grace from Allah Ta` ala who has not placed any precondition or restriction of وُضُو Wudu (ablution), طَہَارَت Taharah (state of purity from major or minor impurities), dress and orientation to قِبلَہ Qiblah (facing the direction of Ka'bah) etc., in its performance. This can be done by anyone under all states, with وُضُو Wudu or without, standing, sitting or lying down. And if we were to add to it the higher investigative approach of Imam al-Jazri appearing in the famous collection of authentic Islamic prayers, Hisn Hasin, where he states that the Dhikr of Allah is not limited to the act of remembering Allah only verbally or by heart, instead of which, any permissible act which is performed by re-maining within the parameters of obedience to the Holy Prophet ﷺ shall also be counted as the Dhikr of Allah, then, given this approach, the sense of Dhikr of Allah becomes so common and easy that we could call even a man in sleep a Dhakir (one who remembers Allah). This is supported by what is said in some narrations: نَومَ العَالِم عِبَادَۃ (The sleep of the ` Alim is included under ` Ibadah) because an ` Alim or scholar of Islam who lives and acts in accordance with the demands of his عِلم ` Ilm or knowledge of Islam is duty-bound to see that all his states of sleeping and waking must remain within nothing but the boundaries of obedience to Allah Ta` ala.In the present context, the command to remember Allah abundantly while on the battlefield may give the impression of being an addition of one more duty assigned to the mujahidin, something which may usually demand concentrated hard work. But, certainly unique is the property of the Dhikr of Allah. It does not subject its performer to what would be hard labour. Instead, it brings in a kind of pleasure, energy and taste which actually goes on to help one accomplish a lot of things one does in life. For that matter, there is nothing unusual about it as we commonly notice that people who handle hard labour would habitually take to a set of words or some beat or jingle or song and are heard humming it while working. The Holy Qur'an has blessed Muslims with an alternate for it, something which is based on countless advantages and wise considerations. Therefore, towards the end of the verse, it was said: لَّعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ (so that you may be successful - 45). It means if you went on to master these two tested techniques of standing firm and remembering Allah - and used it on the battlefield - then, you can be sure that prosperity and success are all yours.One method of remembering Allah on the battlefield is what we generally recognize as the well-known battle cry of 'Allāhu-Akbar' (the Na'rah or cry of Takbir which is a positively voiced statement of belief in the greatness of Allah in the setting of a battlefield). saying: 'Allahu-Akbar' is also a form of Dhikr or remembrance of Allah. In addition to this, it also includes the attitude of keeping the thought of Allah always in sight, having confidence and trust in Him and remembering Him with all your heart in it. As such, the term Dhikr of Allah includes all that.
The Battle of Yarmuk (August 636 CE) was one of the most decisive battles in history. A Muslim army under Khalid ibn al-Walid defeated a much larger Byzantine force, permanently ending Byzantine control of the Levant. The victory was attributed to superior tactics, warrior motivation rooted in faith, and the Byzantine army's internal divisions. The Quran's promise of divine support for those who fight in Allah's cause (8:9-10) was widely cited by Muslim commanders in this campaign.
In 711 CE, Tariq ibn Ziyad crossed from North Africa to the Iberian Peninsula with approximately 7,000 Berber Muslims, landing at the rock that bears his name (Jabal Tariq — Gibraltar). After defeating the Visigothic King Roderic at the Battle of Guadalete, Muslim forces swept through Hispania in fewer than three years, establishing a civilization that would produce the Golden Age of Córdoba. Tariq's famous speech before battle — reminding his soldiers that the sea was behind them and the enemy ahead — is one of the most celebrated military orations in Islamic history.
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