Surah Muhammad • Ayah 10
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Admonition and Fire for the Disbelievers; Paradise for Those Who have TaqwaAllah says,أَفَلَمْ يَسِيرُواْ(Have they not traveled) meaning, those who associate partners with Allah and deny His Messenger .فِى الاٌّرْضِ فَيَنظُرُواْ كَيْفَ كَانَ عَـقِبَةُ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ دَمَّرَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ(through the land and seen what happened in the end to those before them Allah destroyed them completely,) which means that Allah punished them because of their denial and disbelief, and saved the believers from among them. That is why He says,وَلِلْكَـفِرِينَ أَمْثَـلُهَا(and a similar (end awaits) the disbelievers.) Then Allah says,ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ مَوْلَى الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَأَنَّ الْكَـفِرِينَ لاَ مَوْلَى لَهُمْ(That is because Allah is the Protector of all those who believe, whereas the disbelievers have no protector.) After the battle of Uhud, Abu Sufyan Sakhr bin Harb, the commander of the idolators at that time, inquired about the Prophet , Abu Bakr, and `Umar, may Allah be pleased with them. When he heard no response, he announced: "Verily, those three have died!" `Umar then responded to him: "You lie, O enemy of Allah! Allah has indeed saved those who will displease you. Indeed, those whom you mentioned are all alive!" Abu Sufyan then said: "Well, today makes up for (the defeat on) the day of Badr, and the war has its ups and downs. And indeed, you are going to find mutilation (in the bodies of your dead) that I did not command, nor did I prohibit." Then he turned around chanting: "Glory to Hubal (their greatest idol), Glory to Hubal." Allah's Messenger ﷺ said:«أَلَا تُجِيبُوهُ؟»(Aren't you going to respond to him) The Companions said: "What should we say, O Messenger of Allah" He said:« قُولُوا: اللهُ أَعْلَى وَأَجَل»(Say: "Allah is Most High and Most Glorious.") Then Abu Sufyan said: "We have Al-`Uzza (their second idol), and you have no `Uzza. (honor)." Allah's Messenger ﷺ said:«أَلَا تُجِيبُوهُ؟»(Aren't you all going to respond to him) They said: "What should we say, O Messenger of Allah" He said:«قُولُوا: اللهُ مَوْلَانَا وَلَا مَوْلَى لَكُم»(Say: "Allah is our Protector, and you have no protector.") Allah then says,إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُدْخِلُ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّـلِحَـتِ جَنَـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الاٌّنْهَـرُ(Verily, Allah will admit those who believe and do righteous good deeds into Gardens through which rivers flow.) meaning, on the Day of Resurrection.وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ يَتَمَتَّعُونَ وَيَأْكُلُونَ كَمَا تَأْكُلُ الاٌّنْعَـمُ(Whereas those who disbelieve enjoy their life and eat as cattle eat. ) Which means that the disbelievers enjoy their worldly life and eat in it like animals, munching and gnawing (with greed). They have no concern other than that. Thus, it has been confirmed in the Sahih that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,«الْمُؤْمِنُ يَأْكُلُ فِي مِعىً وَاحِدٍ، وَالْكَافِرُ يَأْكُلُ فِي سَبْعَةِ أَمْعَاء»(A believer eats with one intestine, and a disbeliever eats with seven intestines.) Then Allah says,وَالنَّارُ مَثْوًى لَّهُمْ(but the Fire will be their abode.) meaning, on the Day of their Reckoning. Allah then says,وَكَأَيِّن مِّن قَرْيَةٍ هِىَ أَشَدُّ قُوَّةً مِّن قَرْيَتِكَ الَّتِى أَخْرَجَتْكَ(And how many a town mightier than your town that has driven you out) meaning, Makkah.أَهْلَكْنَـهُمْ فَلاَ نَـصِرَ لَهُمْ(We have destroyed, with none to help them!) gThis is a great threat and severe warning to the people of Makkah because they rejected Allah's Messenger ﷺ, who was the chief of the Messengers and the last of the Prophets. If Allah had destroyed the previous nations because of their denial of their Messengers, what then would those (people of Makkah) expect that Allah would do to them in the worldly life and the Hereafter And if the torment were to be lifted off some of them in this life by the blessing of the presence of the Messenger, the Prophet of Mercy, the torment will be stored for them in their next life, as Allah says,يُضَاعَفُ لَهُمُ الْعَذَابُ مَا كَانُواْ يَسْتَطِيعُونَ السَّمْعَ وَمَا كَانُواْ يُبْصِرُونَ(Their torment will be doubled! They could not bear to hear (the preaching), and they used not to see (the truth).) (11:20) Concerning Allah's saying,مِّن قَرْيَتِكَ الَّتِى أَخْرَجَتْكَ(than Your town that has driven you out) This means, `its people who have driven you (Muhammad ﷺ ) out from amongst them (the people of Makkah).' Ibn Abi Hatim recorded from Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, that when Allah's Messenger ﷺ left Makkah (at the time of Hijrah -- migration), and he reached the cave and hid inside it, he looked back toward Makkah and said,«أَنْتِ أَحَبُّ بِلَادِ اللهِ إِلَى اللهِ، وَأَنْتِ أَحَبُّ بِلَادِ اللهِ إِلَيَّ، وَلَوْلَا أَنَّ الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَخْرَجُونِي لَمْ أَخْرُجْ مِنْك»(You are the most beloved to Allah among Allah's lands, and you are also the most beloved to me among Allah's lands. Were it not that the idolators have driven me out from you, I would never have left you.) Ibn `Abbas then said, "The worst of enemies is he who transgresses against Allah in His own sacred place, who kills a person who is not trying to kill him, or who kills because of Jahiliyyah vengeance. Allah then revealed to His Prophet ,وَكَأَيِّن مِّن قَرْيَةٍ هِىَ أَشَدُّ قُوَّةً مِّن قَرْيَتِكَ الَّتِى أَخْرَجَتْكَ أَهْلَكْنَـهُمْ فَلاَ نَـصِرَ لَهُمْ(And how many a town mightier than your town that has driven you out have We destroyed, with none to help them!)"
تمام شہروں سے پیارا شہر ٭٭اللہ تعالیٰ فرماتا ہے کہ ان لوگوں نے جو اللہ کا شریک ٹھہراتے ہیں اور اس کے رسول کو جھٹلا رہے ہیں زمین کی سیر نہیں کی؟ جو یہ معلوم کر لیتے ہیں اور اپنی آنکھوں دیکھ لیتے ہیں کہ ان سے اگلے جو ان جیسے تھے ان کے انجام کیا ہوئے؟ کس طرح وہ تخت و تاراج کر دئیے گئے اور ان میں سے صرف اسلام و ایمان والے ہی نجات پا سکے کافروں کے لیے اسی طرح کے عذاب آیا کرتے ہیں۔ پھر بیان فرماتا ہے مسلمانوں کا خود اللہ ولی ہے اور کفار بے ولی ہیں۔ اسی لیے احد والے دن مشرکین کے سردار ابوسفیان (صخر) بن حرب نے فخر کے ساتھ جب نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم اور آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے دونوں خلفاء کی نسبت سوال کیا اور کوئی جواب نہ پایا تو کہنے لگا کہ یہ سب ہلاک ہو گئے پھر اسے سیدنا فاروق اعظم رضی اللہ عنہ نے جواب دیا اور فرمایا ”جن کی زندگی تجھے خار کی طرح کھٹکتی ہے اللہ نے ان سب کو اپنے فضل سے زندہ ہی رکھا ہے۔“ ابوسفیان کہنے لگا سنو یہ دن بدر کے بدلے کا دن ہے اور لڑائی تو مثل ڈولوں کے ہے کبھی کوئی اوپر کبھی کوئی اوپر۔ تم اپنے مقتولین میں بعض ایسے بھی پاؤ گے جن کے ناک کان وغیرہ ان کے مرنے کے بعد کاٹ لیے گئے ہیں میں نے ایسا حکم نہیں دیا لیکن مجھے کچھ برا بھی نہیں لگا پھر اس نے رجز کے اشعار فخریہ پڑھنے شروع کئے کہنے لگا «اُعْلُ هُبَل اُعْلُ هُبَل» ۔ رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے فرمایا: تم اسے جواب کیوں نہیں دیتے؟ صحابہ رضی اللہ عنہم نے پوچھا نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کیا جواب دیں؟ فرمایا: کہو «اَللهُ اَعْلَی وَاَجَلُّ» یعنی وہ کہتا تھا ”ہبل بت کا بول بالا ہو“، جس کے جواب میں کہا گیا ”سب سے زیادہ بلندی والا اور سب سے زیادہ عزت و کرم والا اللہ ہی ہے۔“ ابوسفیان نے پھر کہا «لَنَا الْعُزَّی وَلَا عُزَّی لَکُمْ» ”ہمارا عزیٰ (بت) ہے اور تمہارا نہیں۔“ اس کے جواب میں بفرمان نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کہا گیا «اَللهُ مَوْلَانَا وَلَا مَوْلٰى لَکُمْ» اللہ ہمارا مولیٰ ہے اور تمہار مولا کوئی نہیں ۔ [صحیح بخاری:4043] صفحہ نمبر8514
آیت 10 { اَفَلَمْ یَسِیْرُوْا فِی الْاَرْضِ فَـیَنْظُرُوْا کَیْفَ کَانَ عَاقِبَۃُ الَّذِیْنَ مِنْ قَبْلِہِمْ } ”تو کیا یہ زمین میں گھومے پھرے نہیں کہ وہ دیکھتے کہ کیا انجام ہوا ان لوگوں کا جو ان سے پہلے تھے !“ { دَمَّرَ اللّٰہُ عَلَیْہِمْ وَلِلْکٰفِرِیْنَ اَمْثَالُہَا } ”اللہ نے ان پر ہلاکت کو مسلط کردیا ‘ اور ان کافروں کے لیے بھی ان ہی کی مثالیں ہوں گی۔“ جن نتائج سے پہلے گزرنے والی کافر اقوام دوچار ہوئیں ویسے ہی ہلاکت خیز نتائج ان کافروں کا مقدر ہیں۔
وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ أَمْثَالُهَا (And [ ready ] for [ these ] disbelievers are the likes thereof. - 47:10). Grammatically, the article "alif lam" in al-kafirina" in this context is used to indicate some specific disbelievers, and refers to the infidels of Makkah. The purpose of this sentence is to warn them: as the previous generations were punished for their iniquity, so will you meet similar fate for your iniquitous behavior. Do not be unconcerned!
Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406 CE) is widely regarded as the world's first true social scientist. His Muqaddimah (Introduction to History) articulated a methodology for historical inquiry that rejected mythology and divine intervention as explanations, seeking instead social, economic, and environmental causes. He distinguished between reliable and unreliable historical sources, developed criteria for evaluating historical claims, and recognized that historians must account for human psychology and social dynamics. Arnold Toynbee called him 'undoubtedly the greatest work of its kind that has ever yet been created by any mind in any time or place.'
The Quran is unique among world scriptures in its systematic use of historical narrative as theological argument. The Arabic term sunnat Allah (pattern/way of Allah, used in Quran 33:62; 35:43; 48:23) expresses the idea that divine laws governing the rise and fall of civilizations are as reliable and discoverable as physical laws. The Quran commands its readers explicitly: 'Travel through the land and observe how was the end of those before you' (3:137; 6:11; 12:109). This framework makes historical inquiry not merely intellectually useful but an act of Quranic obedience — placing Ibn Khaldun's sociological methodology squarely within an Islamic epistemological frame.
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