Surah Saba • Ayah 14
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The Death of SulaymanAllah tells us how Sulayman, peace be upon him, died and how Allah concealed his death from the Jinn who were subjugated to him to do hard labor. He remained leaning on his stick, which was his staff, as Ibn `Abbas may Allah be pleased with him, Mujahid, Al-Hasan, Qatadah and others said. He stayed like that for a long time, nearly a year. When a creature of the earth, which was a kind of worm, ate through the stick, it became weak and fell to the ground. Then it became apparent that he had died a long time before. It also became clear to Jinn and men alike that the Jinn do not know the Unseen as they (the Jinn) used to imagine and tried to deceive people. This is what Allah says:مَا دَلَّهُمْ عَلَى مَوْتِهِ إِلاَّ دَابَّةُ الاٌّرْضِ تَأْكُلُ مِنسَأَتَهُ فَلَمَّا خَرَّ تَبَيَّنَتِ الْجِنُّ أَن لَّوْ كَانُواْ يَعْلَمُونَ الْغَيْبَ مَا لَبِثُواْ فِى الْعَذَابِ الْمُهِينِ(nothing informed them (Jinn) of his death except a little worm of the earth which kept (slowly) gnawing away at his stick. So when he fell down, the Jinn saw clearly that if they had known the Unseen, they would not have stayed in the humiliating torment.) meaning, it became clear to the people that they (the Jinn) were lying.
سلیمان علیہ السلام کی وفات ٭٭سلیمان علیہ السلام کی موت کی کیفیت بیان ہو رہی ہے اور یہ بھی کہ جو جنات ان کے فرمان کے تحت کام کاج میں مصروف تھے ان پر ان کی موت کیسے نامعلوم رہی؟ وہ انتقال کے بعد بھی لکڑی کے ٹیکے پر کھڑے ہی رہے اور یہ انہیں زندہ سمجھتے ہوئے سر جھکائے اپنے سخت سخت کاموں میں مشغول رہے۔صفحہ نمبر7164مجاہد رحمہ اللہ وغیرہ فرماتے ہی تقریباً سال بھر اسی طرح گزر گیا۔ جس لکڑی کے سہارے آپ کھڑے تھے جب اسے دیمک چاٹ گئی اور وہ کھوکھلی ہو گئی تو آپ گر پڑے۔ اب جنات اور انسانوں کو آپ کی موت کا پتہ چلا۔ تب تو نہ صرف انسانوں کو بلکہ خود جنات کو بھی یقین ہو گیا کہ ان میں سے کوئی بھی غیب داں نہیں۔ ایک مرفوع منکر اور غریب حدیث میں ہے لیکن تحقیقی بات یہ ہے کہ اس کا مرفوع ہونا ٹھیک نہیں فرماتے ہیں کہ سلیمان علیہ السلام جب نماز پڑھتے تو ایک درخت اپنے سامنے دیکھتے اس سے پوچھتے کہ تو کیسا درخت ہے تیرا نام کیا ہے؟۔ وہ بتا دیتا آپ اسے اسی استعمال میں لاتے۔ ایک مرتبہ جب نماز کو کھڑے ہوئے اور اسی طرح ایک درخت دیکھا تو پوچھا تیرا نام کیا ہے؟ اس نے کہا ضروب۔ پوچھا تو کس لیے ہے؟ کہا اس گھر کو اجاڑنے کے لئے تب آپ نے دعا مانگی کہ اللہ میری موت کی خبر جنات پر ظاہر نہ ہونے دے تاکہ انسان کو یقین ہو جائے کہ جن غیب نہیں جانتے۔ اب آپ ایک لکڑی پر ٹیک لگا کر کھڑے ہوئے اور جنات کو مشکل مشکل کام سونپ دیئے آپ کا انتقال ہو گیا لیکن لکڑی کے سہارے آپ ویسے ہی کھڑے رہے جنات دیکھتے رہے اور سمجھتے رہے کہ آپ زندہ ہیں اپنے اپنے کام میں مشغول رہے ایک سال کامل ہو گیا۔ چونکہ دیمک آپ کی لکڑی کو چاٹ رہی تھی سال بھر گزرنے پر وہ اسے کھا گئی اور اب سلیمان علیہ السلام گر پڑے اور انسانوں نے جان لیا کہ جنات غیب نہیں جانتے ورنہ سال بھر تک اس مصیبت میں نہ رہتے۔ لیکن اس کے ایک راوی عطا بن مسلم خراسانی کی بعض احادیث میں نکارت ہوتی ہے۔صفحہ نمبر7165بعض صحابہ رضی اللہ عنہم سے مروی ہے کہ سلیمان علیہ السلام کی عادت تھی آپ سال سال دو دو سال یا کم و بیش مدت کے لئے مسجد قدس میں اعتکاف میں بیٹھ جاتے آخری مرتبہ انتقال کے وقت بھی آپ مسجد بیت المقدس میں تھے ہر صبح ایک درخت آپ کے سامنے نمودار ہوتا۔ آپ اس سے نام پوچھتے فائدہ پوچھتے وہ بتاتا آپ اسی کام میں اسے لاتے بالآخر ایک درخت ظاہر ہوا جس نے اپنا نام ضروبہ بتایا کہا تو کس مطلب کا ہے کہا اس مسجد کے اجاڑنے کے لئے۔ سلیمان علیہ السلام سمجھ گئے فرمانے لگے میری زندگی میں تو یہ مسجد ویران ہو گی نہیں البتہ تو میری موت اور اس شہر کی ویرانی کے لئے ہے۔ چنانچہ آپ نے اسے اپنے باغ میں لگا دیا مسجد کی بیچ کی جگہ میں کھڑے ہو کر ایک لکڑی کے سہارے نماز شروع کر دی۔ وہیں انتقال ہو گیا لیکن کسی کو اس کا علم نہ ہوا۔ شیاطین سب کے سب اپنی اپنی نوکری بجا لاتے رہے کہ ایسا نہ ہو ہم ڈھیل کریں اور اللہ کے رسول علیہ السلام آ جائیں تو ہمیں سزا دیں۔ یہ محراب کے آگے پیچھے آئے ان میں جو بڑا پاجی شیطان تھا اس نے کہا دیکھو جی اس میں آگے اور پیچھے سوراخ ہیں اگر میں یہاں سے جا کر وہاں سے نکل آؤں تو میری طاقت مانو گے یا نہیں؟صفحہ نمبر7166چنانچہ وہ گیا اور نکل آیا لیکن اسے سلیمان علیہ السلام کی آواز نہ آئی۔ دیکھ تو سکتے نہ تھے کیونکہ سلیمان علیہ السلام کی طرف نگاہ بھر کر دیکھتے ہی وہ مر جاتے تھے لیکن اس کے دل میں کچھ خیال سا گزرا اس نے پھر اور جرأت کی اور مسجد میں چلا گیا دیکھا کہ وہاں جانے کے بعد وہ نہ جلا تو اس کی ہمت اور بڑھ گئی اور اس نے نگاہ بھر کر آپ کو دیکھا تو دیکھا کہ وہ گرے پڑے ہیں اور انتقال فرما چکے ہیں اب آ کر سب کو خبر کی لوگ آئے محراب کو کھولا تو واقعی اللہ کے رسول علیہ السلام کو زندہ نہ پایا۔ آپ کو مسجد سے نکال لائے۔ مدت انتقال کا علم حاصل کرنے کے لئے انہوں نے لکڑی کو دیمک کے سامنے ڈال دیا ایک دن رات تک جس قدر دیمک نے اسے کھایا اسے دیکھ کر اندازہ کیا تو معلوم ہوا کہ آپ کے انتقال کو پورا سال گزر چکا۔ تمام لوگوں کو اس وقت کامل یقین ہو گیا کہ جنات جو بنتے تھے کہ ہم غیب کی خبریں جانتے ہیں یہ محض ان کی دھونس تھی۔ ورنہ سال بھر تک کیوں مصیبت جھیلتے رہتے۔ اس وقت سے جنات گھن کے کیڑے کو مٹی اور پانی لا دیا کرتے ہیں گویا اس کا شکریہ ادا کرتے ہیں۔ کہا یہ بھی تھا کہ اگر تو کچھ کھاتا پیتا ہوتا تو بہتر سے بہتر غذا ہم تجھے پہنچاتے۔ لیکن یہ سب بنی اسرائیل کے علماء کی روایتیں ہیں ان میں جو مطابق حق ہوں قبول۔ خلاف حق ہوں مردود دونوں سے الگ ہوں وہ نہ تصدیق کے قابل نہ تکذیب کے۔ «وَاللهُ اَعْلَمُ» صفحہ نمبر7167زید بن اسلم رحمہ اللہ سے مروی ہے کہ سلیمان علیہ السلام نے ملک الموت سے کہہ رکھا تھا کہ میری موت کا وقت مجھے کچھ پہلے بتا دینا ملک الموت نے یہی کیا تو آپ نے جنات کو بغیر دروازے کے ایک شیشے کا مکان بنانے کا حکم دیا اور اس میں ایک لکڑی پر ٹیک لگا کر نماز شروع کی یہ موت کے ڈر کی وجہ سے نہ تھا۔ ملک الموت اپنے وقت پر آئے اور روح قبض کر کے چلے گئے۔ پھر لکڑی کے سہارے آپ سال بھر تک اسی طرح کھڑے رہے جنات ادھر ادھر سے دیکھ کر آپ کو زندہ سمجھ کر اپنے کاموں میں آپ کی ہیبت کی وجہ سے مشغول رہے لیکن جو کیڑا آپ کی لکڑی کو کھا رہا تھا جب وہ آدھی کھا چکا تو اب لکڑی بوجھ نہ اٹھا سکی اور آپ گر پڑے جنات کو آپ کی موت کا یقین ہو گیا اور وہ بھاگ کھڑے ہوئے۔ اور بھی بہت سے اقوال سلف سے یہ مروی ہے۔صفحہ نمبر7168
آیت 14 { فَلَمَّا قَضَیْنَا عَلَیْہِ الْمَوْتَ } ”پھر جب ہم نے اس علیہ السلام پر موت طاری کردی“ { مَا دَلَّہُمْ عَلٰی مَوْتِہٖٓ اِلَّا دَآبَّۃُ الْاَرْضِ } ”تو کسی نے ان جنات کو اس کی موت سے آگاہ نہ کیا مگر زمین کے کیڑے نے“ { تَاْکُلُ مِنْسَاَتَہٗ } ”جو اس علیہ السلام کے عصا کو کھاتا تھا۔“ حضرت سلیمان علیہ السلام ِجنات ّکی نگرانی کے لیے اپنے عصا کے سہارے کھڑے تھے کہ آپ علیہ السلام کی روح قبض ہوگئی مگر آپ علیہ السلام کا جسد مبارک اسی طرح کھڑا رہا۔ یہاں تک کہ دیمک نے آپ علیہ السلام کی لاٹھی کو کھا کر کھوکھلا کردیا۔ اس دوران جنات آپ علیہ السلام کی موت سے بیخبر کام میں مصروف رہے۔ وہ یہی سمجھتے رہے کہ آپ کھڑے ان کی نگرانی کر رہے ہیں۔ { فَلَمَّا خَرَّ تَـبَـیَّـنَتِ الْجِنُّ اَنْ لَّــوْ کَانُوْا یَعْلَمُوْنَ الْغَیْبَ مَا لَبِثُوْا فِی الْْعَذَابِ الْمُہِیْنِ } ”پھر جب وہ گرپڑا توجنوں پر واضح ہوگیا کہ اگر وہ غیب جانتے ہوتے تو اس ذلت کے عذاب میں نہ پڑے رہتے۔“
The word: مِنسَأ (minsa'ah, translated in the text as 'scepter' ) in verse 14 beginning with: فَلَمَّا قَضَيْنَا عَلَيْهِ الْمَوْتَ (So, when We decided (that) death (should come) upon him, - 14) appears in the sense of staff or pole (as of purpose or authority). Some early commentators have said that it is a word taken from the Ethiopian language and denotes staff. Others have said that it is an Arabic word from: نَسَاء (nasa) which means move back, drive away, postpone. Since a staff or stick is used to remove things undesirable or harmful, therefore, it was called: مِنسأۃ : 'minsa'ah,' that is, the device to remove. By describing the circumstances of Sayyidna Sulayman's (علیہ السلام) unusual death, the text has opened a gateway of many lessons and gems of guidance.The strange event of the death of Sayyidna Sulayman (علیہ السلام)The elements of guidance embedded in this event are many. For example, Sayyidna Sulayman (علیہ السلام) was a ruler having such an unmatched state at his command that ruled not simply over the world of his time, but over the Jinns and birds and the wind as well. Yet, despite all these assets at his command, he too had no escape from death, and that it had to come only when the time was appointed for it to come. The construction of Baytul-Maqdis started by Sayyidna Dawud (علیہ السلام) and completed by Sayyidna Sulayman (علیہ السلام) had part of it still unfinished. This construction job was entrusted with the Jinns. They were contumacious by nature but kept working in fear of Sayyidna Sulayman (علیہ السلام) . If they were to find out that he had died, they would have stopped working instantly and the structure would have been left incomplete. With the leave of Allah, Sayyidna Sulayman (علیہ السلام) made appropriate arrangements to offset this situation. So, when came the time of his death, he got ready for it and entered the mihrab (seat of authority in the palace) which was made of sparking transparent glass. His presence could be clearly seen from outside. As was his routine, he stood there in a stance of worship slightly supported by his scepter, so that, once his soul departs (when he dies), the body remains poised at its place with the support of his staff.The soul of Sayyidna Sulayman (علیہ السلام) was taken away at the appointed hour, but he kept firmly reclining on his staff and from the outside it appeared as if he was engrossed in worship. In that state, Jinns would not dare come close and peek at him. They kept working under the impression that Sayyidna Sulayman (علیہ السلام) was alive. Thus passed a full year and when the remaining work on Baytul-Maqdis was complete, Allah Ta’ ala empowered the termite, (which is referred to by the Qur'an as دَابَّۃ الارض (dabbatul-ard: a creature of the earth), to occupy the staff of Sayyidna Sulayman (علیہ السلام) . The termite ate out the wood and weakened the staff. When the staff was gone, Sayyidna Sulayman (علیہ السلام) fell down. That was the time when the Jinns came to know about his death.Allah Ta’ ala has given the Jinns the capability of traversing very long distances within moments. They used to be aware of many circumstances and events not known by human beings. When they would communicate this information to human beings, they took it to be news from the unseen surmising that the Jinns too possess the knowledge of the unseen ('ilm-ul-ghaib). Moreover, the possibility that the Jinns themselves had a claim of possessing the knowledge of the unseen cannot be ruled out. But, this unusual incidence of death unfolded the reality of all that. The Jinns themselves found out - and human beings too - that the Jinns are no possessors of the knowledge of the unseen. Because, had that been the case and had they been aware of the workings of the unseen, they would have come to know about the death of Sayyidna Sulayman (علیہ السلام) more than a year ago, and would have been spared of the hard labor they went on doing on the assumption that he was alive. This is what has been stated in the last sentence of the verse:فَلَمَّا خَرَّ تَبَيَّنَتِ الْجِنُّ أَن لَّوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ الْغَيْبَ مَا لَبِثُوا فِي الْعَذَابِ الْمُهِينِSo, when he fell down, the Jinns came to know that if they had the knowledge of the Unseen, they would not have stayed (so long) in the humiliating punishment. (34:14).Here, the expression: الْعَذَابِ الْمُهِينِ (al-'adhabil-muhin: humiliating punishment) refers to the hard labor they had to do in completing the edifice of Baytul-Maqdis under the orders of Sayyidna Sulayman Part of this unusual event of the death of Sayyidna Sulayman (علیہ السلام) has been mentioned in this very verse of the Qur'an while its details have been reported from several Tafsir authorities, including Sayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn ` Abbas ؓ ، and are there in Ibn Kathir and all other Tafsirs.From this unusual event, we also learn the essential lesson that there is no escape from death for anyone and also that Allah Ta’ ala can, when He decides to have someone do something, arrange to have it done the way He wills. This is exactly as it happened during the course of this event when Sayyidna Sulayman (علیہ السلام) was kept, despite his death, standing at his place and the Jinns were made to complete the work assigned to them. This event also shows that all causes and instruments of the whole world keep fulfilling their function until such time as Allah would let them do so. When He would not let them do so, causes and instruments fail, like the support of the staff here that was terminated through the termite. Moreover, soon after the death of Sayyidna Sulayman ill there existed the danger that people, who notice the astonishing performance of the Jinns and come across their apparently unbelievable access to things unseen, might take them as their objects of worship. This danger was also eliminated by this event of death. Everyone came to know that the Jinns were really unaware and helpless in this matter.From this submission, it becomes clear that Sayyidna Sulayman (علیہ السلام) had adopted this particular mode at the time of his death for two reasons: (1) That the remaining work on the construction of Baytul-Maqdis gets to be completed. (2) That people find out the truth about the Jinns, realize that they were really unaware and helpless, and thus there remains no danger of Jinns being taken by them as objects of veneration and worship. (Qurtubi)According to a narration of Sayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn ` Amr reported by Imam Nasa'i with sound chains of authority, the Holy Prophet ﷺ said, "When Sulayman (علیہ السلام) accomplished the building of Baytul-Maqdis, he made some prayers that were answered. One of these was: 0 Allah, whoever enters this masjid with the sole intention of making Salah (and having no other worldly motive), purify him before he goes out of this masjid, from all his sins (making him) as pure as he was when born from the womb of his mother."And in the narration of Suddiyy, it also appears that soon after Sayyidna Sulayman (علیہ السلام) was finished with the building of Baytul-Maqdis, he sacrificed twelve thousand cows and heifers and twenty thousand goats as a token of thanksgiving and declared the feast open to all. Celebrating the day as a day of rejoicing, he stood on the Sakhrah of Baytul-Maqdis praying: 0 Allah, it is You who bestowed this power, and all these resources, on me by virtue of which the edifice of Baytul-Maqdis reached its completion. Now, also give me the ability to thank you for this blessing; and give me death while adhering to the faith you chose for me; and once you have given me right guidance, let there come no crookedness or deviation in it." And he further supplicated, "0 my Lord, for a person who enters this masjid, I ask you of five things:(1) Accept the repentance of a sinner who enters this masjid to confess and repent, and forgive his sins.(2) Guarantee peace for a person who enters this masjid to remain safe from fear and danger, and deliver him from all dangers.(3) Heal the sick person who enters this masjid.(4) Make the poor person who enters here need-free.(5) Let Your mercy be on the person who enters it as long as he remains here - except a person who is busy doing something unjust or faithless. (Qurtubi)This Hadith tells us that the work of building Baytul-Maqdis was already completed during the lifetime of Sayyidna Sulayman. But, the event mentioned above is really not contrary to the possibility that there remained some construction work left out even after the completion of the main building, as is usually done in the case of such huge projects. May be, Sayyidna Sulayman (علیہ السلام) had devised the plan mentioned above for the completion of the remaining work.It has also been reported from Sayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn ` Abbas ؓ that Sayyidna Sulayman (علیہ السلام) kept standing for a year supported by his staff, even after his death. (Qurtubi) And according to some narrations, when the Jinns found out that a long time had passed since the death of Sayyidna Sulayman علیہ لسلام while they had remained in the dark all along, they tried to determine the time of his death, and for that purpose, they went for an experiment. They released a termite on a piece of wood. Thus, from whatever of the wood was eaten by the termite in one day and night, they calculated that a year had passed over the staff of Sayyidna Sulayman (علیہ السلام) in that state.Special NoteCiting historians, al-Baghawi has said that Sayyidna Sulayman (علیہ السلام) lived for fifty three years and ruled for forty years. He had succeeded to the throne at the age of thirteen years and had started building Baytul-Maqdis in the fourth year of his reign. (Mazhari, Qurtubi)
Sulayman (Solomon) was given a unique kingdom that included control over jinn, human armies, birds, and wind. The Quran (38:36-39) records Allah giving him the wind that ran by his command to distant places, and the devils (shayatin) who dove into the sea and did other work for him. His flying throne, ability to understand the speech of birds and ants (27:16-19), and construction of the great temple are all Quranic narratives. When he died leaning on his staff, jinn only discovered it when a termite ate through his staff and he fell.
The Quran (34:14) records that when Sulayman died while leaning on his staff, the jinn who served him only discovered his death when a termite ate through the staff and he fell down. The jinn had assumed he was alive watching them. The Quran uses this to illustrate: 'If they had known the unseen, they would not have remained in the humiliating punishment.' This refutes claims that jinn or supernatural beings possess knowledge of the unseen (ghayb), a key Islamic theological point distinguishing divine omniscience.
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