The Eternal Echo
The Eternal Echo

Surah Al-Qasas • Ayah 17

Para 20 Surah 28 : 17
قَالَ رَبِّ بِمَآ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَىَّ فَلَنْ أَكُونَ ظَهِيرًا لِّلْمُجْرِمِينَ

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قَالَ
رَبِّ
بِمَآ
أَنْعَمْتَ
عَلَىَّ
فَلَنْ
أَكُونَ
ظَهِيرًا
لِّلْمُجْرِمِينَ

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Classical Tafsir: Ibn Kathir en

How Musa killed a Coptic ManHaving described Musa's beginnings, Allah then tells us that when he reached maturity, and was complete in stature, Allah gave him Hukm and religious knowledge. Mujahid said that this means prophethood.وَكَذَلِكَ نَجْزِى الْمُحْسِنِينَ(And thus do We reward the doers of good.) Then Allah describes how Musa reached the status that was decreed for him, that of Prophethood and speaking to Allah, as a direct consequence of killing the Coptic, which was the reason why he left Egypt and went to Madyan. Allah says:وَدَخَلَ الْمَدِينَةَ عَلَى حِينِ غَفْلَةٍ مِّنْ أَهْلِهَا(And he entered the city when its people were unaware.) Ibn Jurayj narrated from `Ata' Al-Khurasani, from Ibn `Abbas, "That was between Maghrib and `Isha'." Ibn Al-Munkadir narrated from `Ata' bin Yasar from Ibn `Abbas, "That was in the middle of the day." This was also the view of Sa`id bin Jubayr, `Ikrimah, As-Suddi and Qatadah.فَوَجَدَ فِيهَا رَجُلَيْنِ يَقْتَتِلاَنِ(and he found there two men fighting,) meaning, hitting one another and struggling with one another.هَـذَا مِن شِيعَتِهِ(one of his party, ) meaning, an Israelite,وَهَـذَا مِنْ عَدُوِّهِ(and the other of his foes.) meaning, a Coptic. This was the view of Ibn `Abbas, Qatadah, As-Suddi and Muhammad bin Ishaq. The Israelite man asked Musa, peace be upon him, for help, and Musa took advantage of the fact that people were not paying attention, so he went to the Coptic man andفَوَكَزَهُ مُوسَى فَقَضَى عَلَيْهِ(so Musa struck him with his fist and he died.) Mujahid said, "This means he punched him with his fist." And then he died.قَالَ(He said) refers to Musa.وَدَخَلَ الْمَدِينَةَ عَلَى حِينِ غَفْلَةٍ مِّنْ أَهْلِهَا فَوَجَدَ فِيهَا رَجُلَيْنِ يَقْتَتِلاَنِ هَـذَا مِن شِيعَتِهِ وَهَـذَا مِنْ عَدُوِّهِ فَاسْتَغَـثَهُ الَّذِى مِن شِيعَتِهِ عَلَى الَّذِى مِنْ عَدُوِّهِ فَوَكَزَهُ مُوسَى فَقَضَى عَلَيْهِ قَالَ هَـذَا مِنْ عَمَلِ الشَّيْطَـنِ إِنَّهُ عَدُوٌّ مُّضِلٌّ مُّبِينٌ - قَالَ رَب إِنِّى ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِى فَاغْفِرْ لِى فَغَفَرَ لَهُ إِنَّهُ هُوَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ قَالَ رَبِّ بِمَآ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَىَّ("This is of Shaytan's doing, verily, he is a plain misleading enemy." He said: "My Lord! Verily, I have wronged myself, so forgive me." Then He forgave him. Verily, He is the Oft-Forgiving, the Most Merciful. He said: "My Lord! For that with which You have favored me,) meaning, `what You have given me of prestige, power and blessings -- 'فَلَنْ أَكُونَ ظَهِيراً(I will nevermore be a helper of the criminals!) `those who disbelieve in You and go against Your commands.'

Classical Tafsir: Ibn Kathir Urdu ur

گھونسے سے موت ٭٭حضرت موسیٰ علیہ السلام کے لڑکپن کا ذکر کیا اب ان کی جوانی کا واقعہ بیان ہو رہا ہے کہ ” اللہ نے انہیں حکمت وعلم عطا فرمایا “۔ یعنی نبوت دی۔ ” نیک لوگ ایسا ہی بدلہ پاتے ہیں “، پھر اس واقعہ کا ذکر ہو رہا ہے جو موسیٰ علیہ السلام کے مصر چھوڑنے کا باعث بنا اور جس کے بعد اللہ کی رحمت نے ان کا رخ کیا یہ مصر چھوڑ کر مدین کی طرف چل دئیے۔ آپ علیہ السلام ایک مرتبہ شہر میں آتے ہیں یا تو مغرب کے بعد یا ظہر کے وقت کہ لوگ کھانے پینے میں یا سونے میں مشغول ہیں راستوں پر آمد ورفت نہیں تھی تو دیکھتے ہیں کہ دو شخص لڑ جھگڑرہے ہیں۔ ایک اسرائیلی ہے دوسرا قبطی ہے۔ اسرائیلی نے موسیٰ علیہ السلام سے قبطی کی شکایت کی اور اس کا زور ظلم بیان کیا جس پر آپ علیہ السلام کو غصہ آ گیا اور ایک گھونسہ اسے کھینچ مارا جس سے وہ اسی وقت مرگیا۔ موسیٰ علیہ السلام گھبرا گئے اور کہنے لگے یہ تو شیطانی کام ہے اور شیطان دشمن اور گمراہ ہے اور اس کا دوسروں کو گمراہ کرنے والا ہونا بھی ظاہر ہے۔ پھر اللہ تعالیٰ سے معافی طلب کرنے لگے اور استغفار کرنے لگے۔ اللہ نے بھی بخش دیا وہ بخشنے والا مہربان ہی ہے۔ اب کہنے لگے ”اے اللہ تو نے جو جاہ وعزت بزرگی اور نعمت مجھے عطا فرمائی ہے میں اسے سامنے رکھ کر وعدہ کرتا ہوں کہ آئندہ کبھی کسی نافرمان کی کسی امر میں موافقت اور امداد نہیں کرونگا۔‏“صفحہ نمبر6546

Classical Tafsir: Bayan-ul-Quran ur

آیت 17 قَالَ رَبِّ بِمَآ اَنْعَمْتَ عَلَیَّ فَلَنْ اَکُوْنَ ظَہِیْرًا لِّلْمُجْرِمِیْنَ ”یعنی چونکہ تو نے مجھے معاف فرما کر مجھ پر احسان فرمایا ہے ‘ لہٰذا میں عہد کرتا ہوں کہ میں آئندہ کبھی بھی کسی غلط کار شخص کا حمایتی نہیں بنوں گا۔[ مفسرین نے لکھا ہے کہ اسی روز حضرت موسیٰ علیہ السلام نے فرعون اور اس کی حکومت سے قطع تعلق کرلینے کا فیصلہ کرلیا ‘ کیونکہ وہ ایک ظالم حکومت تھی اور اس نے اللہ کی زمین پر ایک مجرمانہ نظام قائم کر رکھا تھا۔ اضافہ از مرتب ]

Classical Tafsir: Ma'arif al-Qur'an en

قَالَ رَ‌بِّ بِمَا أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيَّ فَلَنْ أَكُونَ ظَهِيرً‌ا لِّلْمُجْرِ‌مِينَ (He [ Musa ] said, "0 my Lord, since You have favoured me, I will never be a supporter to the sinners." -28:17). When Allah Ta’ ala pardoned this slip of Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) he said in gratitude to Allah Ta` ala that he would never again help a criminal. The second incident of the quarrel had proved that the Isra'ili in whose defense Musa (علیہ السلام) had involved himself in the brawl was quarrelsome. Therefore, by declaring him a criminal he vowed not to help such a person again. Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas ؓ while explaining this verse, has maintained that the word 'criminals' stands here for infidels. Qatadah has also interpreted the verse in almost the same way. On the basis of these commentaries it seems that actually the Isra'ili, whom Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) had defended, was not a Muslim but he helped him considering that he was an oppressed person.RulingsIt is worth noting here that this saying of Musa (علیہ السلام) has established two rulings about two issues. One, that even if an oppressed person is a sinner or infidel, he should be helped. The second ruling is that it is not permitted to help any criminal or oppressor. Scholars have argued on the basis of this verse that working in the employment of cruel rulers is also not permitted, for they too would be regarded as their associates. Many citations from the righteous salaf (elders) have also been quoted in support of this argument. (Ruh u1-Ma’ ani) To provide support to the oppressors or to the infidels may take different forms. The different rulings about these forms are laid down in the books of fiqh in detail. This humble writer has also dealt with the subject in his Arabic book Ahkamul-Qur'an with greater elaboration. The scholars interested in the subject may consult it.

Historical Context: Musa Kills an Egyptian and Flees to Madyan c. 1450–1200 BCE

Musa (grown up in Pharaoh's palace) went into the city and found an Israelite and an Egyptian fighting. He struck the Egyptian to help the Israelite and accidentally killed him. Realizing the trouble, he sought forgiveness and fled to Madyan (Midian) when plots against his life were discovered. In Madyan he met a righteous old man (identified as Shu'ayb or Jethro in various traditions), married his daughter, and spent ten years tending his flocks — the preparation period before prophethood.

🏛️ Civilization: Ancient Egypt / Midianite
📍 Region: Egypt and Madyan (Sinai / northwestern Arabia)
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