The Eternal Echo
The Eternal Echo

Surah Al-Qasas • Ayah 15

Para 20 Surah 28 : 15
وَدَخَلَ ٱلْمَدِينَةَ عَلَىٰ حِينِ غَفْلَةٍ مِّنْ أَهْلِهَا فَوَجَدَ فِيهَا رَجُلَيْنِ يَقْتَتِلَانِ هَـٰذَا مِن شِيعَتِهِۦ وَهَـٰذَا مِنْ عَدُوِّهِۦ ۖ فَٱسْتَغَـٰثَهُ ٱلَّذِى مِن شِيعَتِهِۦ عَلَى ٱلَّذِى مِنْ عَدُوِّهِۦ فَوَكَزَهُۥ مُوسَىٰ فَقَضَىٰ عَلَيْهِ ۖ قَالَ هَـٰذَا مِنْ عَمَلِ ٱلشَّيْطَـٰنِ ۖ إِنَّهُۥ عَدُوٌّ مُّضِلٌّ مُّبِينٌ

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Word-by-Word Analysis

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وَدَخَلَ
ٱلْمَدِينَةَ
عَلَىٰ
حِينِ
غَفْلَةٍ
مِّنْ
أَهْلِهَا
فَوَجَدَ
فِيهَا
رَجُلَيْنِ
يَقْتَتِلَانِ
هَـٰذَا
مِن
شِيعَتِهِۦ
وَهَـٰذَا
مِنْ
عَدُوِّهِۦ
ۖ
فَٱسْتَغَـٰثَهُ
ٱلَّذِى
مِن
شِيعَتِهِۦ
عَلَى
ٱلَّذِى
مِنْ
عَدُوِّهِۦ
فَوَكَزَهُۥ
مُوسَىٰ
فَقَضَىٰ
عَلَيْهِ
ۖ
قَالَ
هَـٰذَا
مِنْ
عَمَلِ
ٱلشَّيْطَـٰنِ
ۖ
إِنَّهُۥ
عَدُوٌّ
مُّضِلٌّ
مُّبِينٌ

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Classical Tafsir: Ibn Kathir en

How Musa killed a Coptic ManHaving described Musa's beginnings, Allah then tells us that when he reached maturity, and was complete in stature, Allah gave him Hukm and religious knowledge. Mujahid said that this means prophethood.وَكَذَلِكَ نَجْزِى الْمُحْسِنِينَ(And thus do We reward the doers of good.) Then Allah describes how Musa reached the status that was decreed for him, that of Prophethood and speaking to Allah, as a direct consequence of killing the Coptic, which was the reason why he left Egypt and went to Madyan. Allah says:وَدَخَلَ الْمَدِينَةَ عَلَى حِينِ غَفْلَةٍ مِّنْ أَهْلِهَا(And he entered the city when its people were unaware.) Ibn Jurayj narrated from `Ata' Al-Khurasani, from Ibn `Abbas, "That was between Maghrib and `Isha'." Ibn Al-Munkadir narrated from `Ata' bin Yasar from Ibn `Abbas, "That was in the middle of the day." This was also the view of Sa`id bin Jubayr, `Ikrimah, As-Suddi and Qatadah.فَوَجَدَ فِيهَا رَجُلَيْنِ يَقْتَتِلاَنِ(and he found there two men fighting,) meaning, hitting one another and struggling with one another.هَـذَا مِن شِيعَتِهِ(one of his party, ) meaning, an Israelite,وَهَـذَا مِنْ عَدُوِّهِ(and the other of his foes.) meaning, a Coptic. This was the view of Ibn `Abbas, Qatadah, As-Suddi and Muhammad bin Ishaq. The Israelite man asked Musa, peace be upon him, for help, and Musa took advantage of the fact that people were not paying attention, so he went to the Coptic man andفَوَكَزَهُ مُوسَى فَقَضَى عَلَيْهِ(so Musa struck him with his fist and he died.) Mujahid said, "This means he punched him with his fist." And then he died.قَالَ(He said) refers to Musa.وَدَخَلَ الْمَدِينَةَ عَلَى حِينِ غَفْلَةٍ مِّنْ أَهْلِهَا فَوَجَدَ فِيهَا رَجُلَيْنِ يَقْتَتِلاَنِ هَـذَا مِن شِيعَتِهِ وَهَـذَا مِنْ عَدُوِّهِ فَاسْتَغَـثَهُ الَّذِى مِن شِيعَتِهِ عَلَى الَّذِى مِنْ عَدُوِّهِ فَوَكَزَهُ مُوسَى فَقَضَى عَلَيْهِ قَالَ هَـذَا مِنْ عَمَلِ الشَّيْطَـنِ إِنَّهُ عَدُوٌّ مُّضِلٌّ مُّبِينٌ - قَالَ رَب إِنِّى ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِى فَاغْفِرْ لِى فَغَفَرَ لَهُ إِنَّهُ هُوَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ قَالَ رَبِّ بِمَآ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَىَّ("This is of Shaytan's doing, verily, he is a plain misleading enemy." He said: "My Lord! Verily, I have wronged myself, so forgive me." Then He forgave him. Verily, He is the Oft-Forgiving, the Most Merciful. He said: "My Lord! For that with which You have favored me,) meaning, `what You have given me of prestige, power and blessings -- 'فَلَنْ أَكُونَ ظَهِيراً(I will nevermore be a helper of the criminals!) `those who disbelieve in You and go against Your commands.'

Classical Tafsir: Ibn Kathir Urdu ur

گھونسے سے موت ٭٭حضرت موسیٰ علیہ السلام کے لڑکپن کا ذکر کیا اب ان کی جوانی کا واقعہ بیان ہو رہا ہے کہ ” اللہ نے انہیں حکمت وعلم عطا فرمایا “۔ یعنی نبوت دی۔ ” نیک لوگ ایسا ہی بدلہ پاتے ہیں “، پھر اس واقعہ کا ذکر ہو رہا ہے جو موسیٰ علیہ السلام کے مصر چھوڑنے کا باعث بنا اور جس کے بعد اللہ کی رحمت نے ان کا رخ کیا یہ مصر چھوڑ کر مدین کی طرف چل دئیے۔ آپ علیہ السلام ایک مرتبہ شہر میں آتے ہیں یا تو مغرب کے بعد یا ظہر کے وقت کہ لوگ کھانے پینے میں یا سونے میں مشغول ہیں راستوں پر آمد ورفت نہیں تھی تو دیکھتے ہیں کہ دو شخص لڑ جھگڑرہے ہیں۔ ایک اسرائیلی ہے دوسرا قبطی ہے۔ اسرائیلی نے موسیٰ علیہ السلام سے قبطی کی شکایت کی اور اس کا زور ظلم بیان کیا جس پر آپ علیہ السلام کو غصہ آ گیا اور ایک گھونسہ اسے کھینچ مارا جس سے وہ اسی وقت مرگیا۔ موسیٰ علیہ السلام گھبرا گئے اور کہنے لگے یہ تو شیطانی کام ہے اور شیطان دشمن اور گمراہ ہے اور اس کا دوسروں کو گمراہ کرنے والا ہونا بھی ظاہر ہے۔ پھر اللہ تعالیٰ سے معافی طلب کرنے لگے اور استغفار کرنے لگے۔ اللہ نے بھی بخش دیا وہ بخشنے والا مہربان ہی ہے۔ اب کہنے لگے ”اے اللہ تو نے جو جاہ وعزت بزرگی اور نعمت مجھے عطا فرمائی ہے میں اسے سامنے رکھ کر وعدہ کرتا ہوں کہ آئندہ کبھی کسی نافرمان کی کسی امر میں موافقت اور امداد نہیں کرونگا۔‏“صفحہ نمبر6546

Classical Tafsir: Bayan-ul-Quran ur

آیت 15 وَدَخَلَ الْمَدِیْنَۃَ عَلٰی حِیْنِ غَفْلَۃٍ مِّنْ اَہْلِہَا ”حضرت موسیٰ علیہ السلام شاہی محل میں رہتے تھے اور عام طور پر شاہی محلات عام شہری آبادی سے الگ علاقے میں ہوتے ہیں۔ یہی وجہ ہے کہ آپ علیہ السلام کے شہر میں آنے کا یہاں خصوصی انداز میں ذکر ہوا ہے۔ عَلٰی حِیْنِ غَفْلَۃٍ کے الفاظ سے ظاہر ہوتا ہے کہ یا تو آپ علیہ السلام علی الصبح شہر میں آئے ہوں گے جب لوگ ابھی نیند سے بیدار نہیں ہوئے تھے یا پھر وہ دوپہر کو قیلولے کا وقت تھا۔ہٰذَا مِنْ شِیْعَتِہٖ وَہٰذَا مِنْ عَدُوِّہٖ ج ”حضرت موسیٰ علیہ السلام نے وہاں شہر میں ایک اسرائیلی اور ایک قبطی کو آپس میں لڑتے ہوئے دیکھا۔قَالَ ہٰذَا مِنْ عَمَلِ الشَّیْطٰنِط اِنَّہٗ عَدُوٌّ مُّضِلٌّ مُّبِیْنٌ ”حضرت موسیٰ علیہ السلام کی نیت تو قتل کرنے کی نہیں تھی لیکن اتفاق سے ضرب زیادہ شدید تھی اور وہ شخص مرگیا۔ یہ حرکت سرزد ہوتے ہی آپ علیہ السلام کو فوراً احساس ہوا کہ یہ مجھ سے شیطانی کام صادر ہوگیا ہے۔ چناچہ آپ علیہ السلام نے فوراً اللہ تعالیٰ کی طرف رجوع کیا۔

Classical Tafsir: Ma'arif al-Qur'an en

Commentaryوَلَمَّا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ وَاسْتَوَىٰ (And when he reached his maturity and became perfect - 28:14). The literal meaning of 'ashudd (أَشُدَّ ) is to attain the peak of strength or intensity. For instance a person gradually develops from the position of juvenile weakness to the strength of adulthood. A time comes when he has attained full strength and vigour that he could achieve. That point in life is called أَشُدَّ 'ashudd. In different parts of the world and for different people this point in life varies according to climate, character of the land, race etc. Some people attain it early while others take time. ` Abd Ibn Humaid has reported that Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas and Mujahid have placed the age of 'ashudd as 33rd year of one's life. This is called the age of perfection or the age of discernment, when the development of body stops after reaching its peak. After this age a period of hold commences, which lasts until the age of forty. This period is mentioned in the verse as اسْتَوَىٰ Istawa (translated above as became perfect). After the age of forty years the decline and weakness sets in. Hence, it can be said that 'ashudd (أَشُدَّ ) of a person starts from the age of 33 years and lasts through 40 years. (Ruh, Qurtubi).آتَيْنَاهُ حُكْمًا وَعِلْمًا (We gave him wisdom and knowledge - 28:14) The word (حُکُم) lukm (translated above as 'wisdom' ) is used here for prophethood, and the word 'knowledge' refers to the knowledge of divine injunctions.وَدَخَلَ الْمَدِينَةَ عَلَىٰ حِينِ غَفْلَةٍ مِّنْ أَهْلِهَا (And he entered the city at a time of unawareness of its people - 15). Most commentators have interpreted that the word 'city' is used here for the main city of Egypt. The words 'he entered' indicate that Musa (علیہ السلام) ، had gone away somewhere out of Egypt. Then he entered back at a time when people normally sleep. It is also mentioned in the incident of killing of the 'Qibti' that it was the time when Musa (علیہ السلام) had already announced his prophethood and had started preaching the religion of truth. As a result of his preaching some people had converted, and were known as his disciples. The word مِن شِيعَتِهِ (from his group - 28:15) is a proof of that. All these versions give credence to the narration which is quoted by Ibn Ishaque and Ibn Zaid that when Musa (علیہ السلام) had started talking to the people about the religion of truth, the Pharaoh turned against him and wanted to kill him. But on the appeal of his wife, Sayyidah 'Asiyah, he restrained himself, and instead commanded him to go in exile. After that Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) shifted to some hiding place and would come to the city of Egypt occasionally in hiding. Most commentators are of the opinion that by عَلَىٰ حِينِ غَفْلَةٍ مِّنْ أَهْلِهَا (28:15) the time of afternoon is meant, when people generally take a siesta. (Qurtubi)فَوَكَزَهُ مُوسَىٰ (So Musa struck him with his fist). Wakaza (وَكَزَ ) means to box فَقَضَىٰ عَلَيْهِ (28:15). The phrase of Qadahu (قَضَاہ) and Qada 'Alaihi (فَقَضَىٰ عَلَيْهِ ) is used when one is totally finished. Hence, here it means that he killed him. (Mazhari)

Historical Context: Musa Kills an Egyptian and Flees to Madyan c. 1450–1200 BCE

Musa (grown up in Pharaoh's palace) went into the city and found an Israelite and an Egyptian fighting. He struck the Egyptian to help the Israelite and accidentally killed him. Realizing the trouble, he sought forgiveness and fled to Madyan (Midian) when plots against his life were discovered. In Madyan he met a righteous old man (identified as Shu'ayb or Jethro in various traditions), married his daughter, and spent ten years tending his flocks — the preparation period before prophethood.

🏛️ Civilization: Ancient Egypt / Midianite
📍 Region: Egypt and Madyan (Sinai / northwestern Arabia)
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