Surah An-Naml • Ayah 20
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The Absence of the HoopoeMujahid, Sa`id bin Jubayr and others narrated from Ibn `Abbas and others that the hoopoe was an expert who used to show Sulayman where water was if he was out in open land and needed water. The hoopoe would look for water for him in the various strata of the earth, just as a man looks at things on the surface of the earth, and he would know just how far below the surface the water was. When the hoopoe showed him where the water was, Sulayman would command the Jinn to dig in that place until they brought water from the depths of the earth. One day Sulayman went to some open land and checked on the birds, but he could not see the hoopoe.فَقَالَ مَالِيَ لاَ أَرَى الْهُدْهُدَ أَمْ كَانَ مِنَ الْغَآئِبِينَ(and (Sulayman) said: "What is the matter that I see not the hoopoe Or is he among the absentees") One day `Abdullah bin `Abbas told a similar story, and among the people was a man from the Khawarij whose name was Nafi` bin Al-Azraq, who often used to raise objections to Ibn `Abbas. He said to him, "Stop, O Ibn `Abbas; you will be defeated (in argument) today!" Ibn `Abbas said: "Why" Nafi` said: "You are telling us that the hoopoe can see water beneath the ground, but any boy can put seed in a trap and cover the trap with dirt, and the hoopoe will come and take the seed, so the boy can catch him in the trap." Ibn `Abbas said, "If it was not for the fact that this man would go and tell others that he had defeated Ibn `Abbas in argument, I would not even answer." Then he said to Nafi`: "Woe to you! When the decree strikes a person, his eyes become blind and he loses all caution." Nafi` said: "By Allah I will never dispute with you concerning anything in the Qur'an. "لأُعَذِّبَنَّهُ عَذَاباً شَدِيداً(I will surely punish him with a severe torment) Al-A`mash said, narrating from Al-Minhal bin `Amr from Sa`id that Ibn `Abbas said: "He meant, by plucking his feathers." `Abdullah bin Shaddad said: "By plucking his feathers and exposing him to the sun." This was also the view of more than one of the Salaf, that it means plucking his feathers and leaving him exposed to be eaten by ants.أَوْ لاّذْبَحَنَّهُ(or slaughter him,) means, killing him.أَوْ لَيَأْتِيَنِّى بِسُلْطَـنٍ مُّبِينٍ(unless he brings me a clear reason.) i.e., a valid excuse. Sufyan bin `Uyaynah and `Abdullah bin Shaddad said: "When the hoopoe came back, the other birds said to him: "What kept you Sulayman has vowed to shed your blood." The hoopoe said: "Did he make any exception did he say `unless"' They said, "Yes, he said:لأُعَذِّبَنَّهُ عَذَاباً شَدِيداً أَوْ لاّذْبَحَنَّهُ أَوْ لَيَأْتِيَنِّى بِسُلْطَـنٍ مُّبِينٍ (I will surely punish him with a severe torment or slaughter him, unless he brings me a clear reason.) The hoopoe said, "Then I am saved."
ہدہد ٭٭ہدہد سلیمان علیہ السلام فوج کی میں مہندس کا کام کرتا تھا وہ بتلاتا تھا کہ پانی کہاں ہے؟ زمین کے اندر کا پانی اس کو اسطرح نظر آتا تھا جیسے کہ زمین کے اوپر کی چیز لوگوں کو نظر آتی ہے۔ جب سلیمان علیہ السلام جنگل میں ہوتے اس سے دریافت فرماتے کہ پانی کہاں ہے؟ یہ بتا دیتا کہ فلاں جگہ ہے۔ اتنا نیچا ہے اتنا اونچا ہے وغیرہ۔ سلیمان علیہ السلام اسی وقت جنات کو حکم دیتے اور کنواں کھود لیا جاتا۔ ایک دن اسی طرح جنگل میں تھے پرندوں کی تفتیش کی تاکہ پانی کی تلاش کا حکم دیں۔ اتفاق سے وہ موجود نہ تھا۔ اس پر آپ نے فرمایا آج ہدہد نظر نہیں آتا کیا پرندوں میں کہیں وہ چھپ گیا جو مجھے نظر نہ آیا۔ یا واقعی وہ حاضر نہیں؟صفحہ نمبر6410ایک مرتبہ سیدنا ابن عباس رضی اللہ عنہما سے یہ تفسیر سن کر نافع بن ازرق خارجی نے اعتراض کیا تھا یہ بکواسی ہر وقت سیدنا عبداللہ رضی اللہ عنہ کی باتوں پر بیجا اعتراض کیا کرتا تھا کہنے لگا آج تو تم ہارگئے۔ سیدنا عبداللہ رضی اللہ عنہ نے فرمایا کیوں؟ اس نے کہا آپ جو یہ فرماتے ہو کہ ہدہد زمین کے تلے کا پانی دیکھ لیتا تھا یہ کیسے صحیح ہوسکتا ہے ایک بچہ جال بچھاکر اسے مٹی سے ڈھک کر دانہ ڈال کر ہدہد کا شکار کر لیتا ہے اگر وہ زمین کے اندر کا پانی دیکھتا ہے تو زمین کے اوپر کا جال اسے کیوں نظر نہیں آتا؟ آپ نے فرمایا اگر مجھے یہ خیال نہ ہوتا کہ تو یہ سمجھ جائے گا کہ سیدنا ابن عباس رضی اللہ عنہما لاجواب ہو گیا تو مجھے جواب کی ضرورت نہ تھی سن جس وقت قضاء آ جاتی ہے آنکھیں اندھی ہو جاتی ہیں اور عقل جاتی رہتی ہے۔ نافع لاجواب ہو گیا اور کہا واللہ اب میں آپ پر اعتراض نہ کرونگا۔ عبداللہ برزی رحمہ اللہ ایک ولی کامل شخص تھے پیر جمعرات کا روزہ پابندی سے رکھا کرتے تھے۔ اسی (80) سال کی عمر تھی ایک آنکھ سے کانے تھے۔ سلیمان بن زید نے ان سے آنکھ کے جانے کا سبب دریافت کیا تو آپ نے اس کے بتانے سے انکار کر دیا۔ یہ بھی پیچھے پڑ گئے مہینوں گذر گئے نہ وہ بتاتے نہ یہ سوال چھوڑتے آخر تنگ آ کر فرمایا لو سن لو میرے پاس دو خراسانی برزہ میں (جو دمشق کے پاس ایک شہر ہے) آئے اور مجھ سے کہا کہ میں انہیں برزہ کی وادی میں لے جاؤں میں انہیں وہاں لے گیا۔ انہوں نے انگیٹھیاں نکالیں بخور نکالے اور جلانے شروع کئے یہاں تک کہ تمام وادی خوشبو سے مہکنے لگی۔ اور ہر طرف سے سانپوں کی آمد شروع ہو گئی۔ لیکن بےپرواہی سے بیٹھے رہے کسی سانپ کی طرف التفات نہ کرتے تھے۔ تھوڑی دیر میں ایک سانپ آیا جو ہاتھ بھر کا تھا اور اس کی آنکھیں سونے کی طرح چمک رہی تھیں۔ یہ بہت ہی خوش ہوئے اور کہنے لگے اللہ کا شکر ہے ہماری سال بھر محنت ٹھکانے لگی۔ انہوں نے اس سانپ کو لے کر اس کی آنکھوں میں سلائی پھیر کر اپنی آنکھوں میں وہ سلائی پھیرلی میں نے ان سے کہا کہ میری آنکھوں میں بھی یہ سلائی پھیردو۔ انہوں نے انکار کر دیا میں نے ان سے منت سماجت کی بہ مشکل وہ راضی ہوئے اور میری داہنی آنکھ میں وہ سلائی پھیر دی اب جو میں دیکھتا ہوں تو زمین مجھے ایک شیشے کی طرح معلوم ہونے لگی جیسی اوپر کی چیزیں نظر آتی تھیں ایسی ہی زمین کے اندر کی چیزیں بھی دیکھ رہا تھا۔ انہوں نے مجھے سے کہا اب آپ ہمارے ساتھ ہی کچھ دور چلئے میں نے منظور کر لیا وہ باتیں کرتے ہوئے مجھے ساتھ لیے ہوئے چلے جب میں بستی سے بہت دور نکل گیا تو دونوں نے مجھے دونوں طرف سے پکڑ لیا اور ایک نے اپنی انگلی ڈال کر میری آنکھ نکالی اور اسے پھینک دیا۔ اور مجھیے یونہی بندھا ہوا وہیں چھوڑ کر دونوں کہیں چل دئیے۔ اتفاقاً وہاں سے ایک قافلہ گذرا اور انہوں نے مجھے اس حالت میں دیکھ کررحم کھایا قیدوبند سے مجھے آزاد کر دیا اور میں چلا آیا یہ قصہ ہے میری آنکھ کے جانے کا۔ (ابن عساکر) [تاریخ دمشق:130/19] صفحہ نمبر6411سلیمان علیہ السلام کے اس ہدہد کا نام عنبر تھا، آپ فرماتے ہیں اگر فی الواقع وہ غیر حاضر ہے تو میں اسے سخت سزادوں گا اس کے پر نچوادوں گا اور اس کو پھنک دوں گا کہ کیڑے مکوڑے کھاجائیں یا میں اسے حلال کردونگا۔ یا یہ کہ وہ اپنے غیر حاضر ہونے کی کوئی معقول وجہ پیش کر دے۔ اتنے میں ہدہد آ گیا جانوروں نے اسے خبر دی کہ آج تیری خیر نہیں۔ بادشاہ سلامت عہد کر چکے ہیں کہ وہ تجھے مار ڈالیں گے۔ اس نے کہا یہ بیان کرو کہ آپ کے الفاظ کیا تھے؟ انہوں نے بیان کئے تو خوش ہو کر کہنے لگا پھر تو میں بچ جاؤں گا۔ مجاہد فرماتے ہیں اس کے بچاؤ کی وجہ اس کا اپنی ماں کے ساتھ سلوک تھا۔صفحہ نمبر6412
آیت 19 فَتَبَسَّمَ ضَاحِکًا مِّنْ قَوْلِہَا ”حضرت سلیمان علیہ السلام نے چیونٹی کی اس بات کو سن بھی لیا اور سمجھ بھی لیا۔ چناچہ جذبات تشکرّ کے باعث آپ علیہ السلام کے چہرے پر بےاختیار تبسم آگیا اور زبان پر ترانۂ حمد جاری ہوگیا۔
Commentaryوَتَفَقَّدَ الطَّيْرَ (And he checked the birds - 27:20). The word تَفَقَّدَ (tafaqqud) means to verify about the presence or absence of some people. Hence it is translated as to check. Sayyidna Sulaiman (علیہ السلام) was bestowed by Allah Ta’ ala the rule over Jinns, the beasts and the birds, apart from humans. As it is customary for the ruler to look after and take care of all of his subjects, it is stated in this verse وَتَفَقَّدَ الطَّيْرَ That is Sayyidna Sulaiman (علیہ السلام) inspected the birds from his subjects, and made a note of the presence and absence of them all. The Holy Prophet ﷺ also had the habit to keep himself informed about the wellbeing of his companions. If someone was absent, he used to go to his house to find out his welfare. If anyone was sick, he would go and visit him and do the needful nursing. If someone was afflicted with any trouble, he would make the effort to remove it.It is necessary for the rulers to take care of their subjects and for the saints of their disciples and studentsThis verse has proved that Sayyidna Sulaiman (علیہ السلام) used to keep an eye on all types of his subjects, and used to keep himself fully informed about them, so much so that the absence of a small and weak bird like a hoopoe which has a small population compared to other birds, did not go unnoticed from him. It is also possible that his specific enquiry about the hoopoe was due to its small population and weak make-up among the species of birds. Therefore, he made special effort to keep his eyes on the weaker section of his subjects.Among the companions, Sayyidna ` Umar ؓ established the traditions of the Holy Prophet ﷺ in totality during his tenure as caliph. He used to go round the streets of Madinah during the nights to keep him fully abreast with the state of affairs. If he found any one in distress or need, he would help him out. A number of such incidents are related in his biography: He used to say "If a wolf kills a lamb by the side of river Euphrates, for that too Umar will be answerable". (Qurtubi)Such were the principles of rule and administration, which were taught by the prophets and practically demonstrated by the revered companions of the Holy Prophet ﷺ . Because of these practices, the entire populace, both Muslims and non-Muslims, used to live in complete harmony and tranquility. Such justice and fair play, composure and tranquility were never witnessed ever in the whole world after their time.مَا لِيَ لَا أَرَى الْهُدْهُدَ أَمْ كَانَ مِنَ الْغَائِبِينَ"What is wrong with me that I do not see the hoopoe; rather he has disappeared? - 27:20Taking account of one's own SelfApparently Sulaiman (علیہ السلام) should have said at this occasion, “ What is wrong with the hoopoe that he is absent?" But Sulaiman (علیہ السلام) asked about his own wrong when he said, "What is wrong with me?" Perhaps, it was because the hoopoe and all other birds were put under his control as a special reward. Initially it crossed his mind momentarily that probably His blessings have been curtailed for some slip on his part that a species of birds (the hoopoe) was not present. So, he made some soul searching to find out what could have been the reason for its absence? It was a case similar to that of the mystic saints who make enquiries from their Self before looking into the material causes for the relief of any distress, or when any blessing is reduced for them. It is their practice to take into account of any possible slips on their part in paying gratitude to Allah Ta’ ala for His bounties, which might have caused the withdrawal of the blessings from them. Qurtubi has quoted here the practice of these saints on the authority of Ibn al-` Arabi in the following words:اِذا فقدوا امالھم تفقّدوا اعمالھم That is ` when these saints do not succeed in their objectives, they take stock of their deeds to find out where have they committed the mistake'.After this initial stock-taking of Self and due considerations and deliberations it is said أَمْ كَانَ مِنَ الْغَائِبِينَ (rather, he has disappeared - 27:20). Here the word اَم is used for the meaning of the word بَل (rather) (Qurtubi). Therefore, the meaning of the sentence is ` It is not that my sight has faltered in locating the hoopoe, but in fact it is not present'.Reason for picking up hoopoe from among the birds, and an important warningSayyidna ` Abdullah Ibn 'Abbas ؓ was asked as to what was the reason that the hoopoe was picked up from all the birds. He replied that Sayyidna Sulaiman (علیہ السلام) had camped at a place where there was no water, and Allah Ta’ ala has bestowed such a peculiar instinct to hoopoe that it can see things under the ground and can also locate the underground water. Sayyidna Sulaiman (علیہ السلام) wanted to find out, through the proficiency of the hoopoe, the depth and extent of the underground water. Having known the location of the underground water, he would have commanded the Jinns to excavate the ground to bring the water up - a task they would have performed very quickly. Paradoxically, despite having the piercing sight, the hoopoe gets entrapped in the nets of the hunters. Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas ؓ has commented on this:قف یا وقّاف کیف یری الھدھد باطن الارض وھو لا یرٰی الفخّ حین یقع فیہ (قرطبی)` 0 the people of knowledge! try to understand this fact that the hoopoe has the ability to see things under the ground, but the net spread out over the ground gets obscured from its sight, and hence it gets entrapped in that'.The bottom line to understand is that whatever is destined for a person through the divine decree, whether it is trouble or comfort, has to be enforced, and no one can escape from it by his wisdom, insight or through the use of force or money.
Sulayman (Solomon) was given extraordinary dominion over humans, jinn, wind, and animals. His kingdom was the most magnificent of its time. The Quran recounts his interaction with the Hoopoe bird (Hudhud) who reported on the Queen of Sheba (Bilqis), who then submitted to Allah. Historically, Solomon's kingdom (c. 970–931 BCE) is associated with Jerusalem. The Queen of Sheba is historically associated with the ancient kingdom of Saba (Sheba) in modern-day Yemen.
The Quran records Sulayman's review of his armies of jinn, humans, and birds (27:17-20), and the Hoopoe (Hudhud) reporting news of the Queen of Sheba. Sulayman sent her a letter beginning 'In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.' This formula (Bismillah) appears in the letter as recorded in the Quran (27:30), making it a historically documented use of the Basmala. The Queen's submission to Allah is a paradigm of peaceful dawah and dialogue.
Sulayman (Solomon) was given a unique kingdom that included control over jinn, human armies, birds, and wind. The Quran (38:36-39) records Allah giving him the wind that ran by his command to distant places, and the devils (shayatin) who dove into the sea and did other work for him. His flying throne, ability to understand the speech of birds and ants (27:16-19), and construction of the great temple are all Quranic narratives. When he died leaning on his staff, jinn only discovered it when a termite ate through his staff and he fell.
The Quran (27:20-28) records Sulayman noticing the absence of the Hoopoe bird from the army assembly, threatening punishment upon its return. The Hoopoe returned with a detailed intelligence report about the Queen of Saba and her sun-worshipping people. Sulayman used this information to send a letter via the Hoopoe. Modern ornithology has established that hoopoes (Upupa epops) are known for their intelligence, long-distance navigation, and complex social behaviors. The Quran's presentation of the Hoopoe as a reliable messenger is zoologically plausible.
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