Surah Al-Baqarah • Ayah 95

Calling the Jews to invoke Allah to destroy the Unjust PartyMuhammad bin Ishaq narrated that Ibn `Abbas said, "Allah said to His Prophet ,قُلْ إِن كَانَتْ لَكُمُ الدَّارُ الاٌّخِرَةُ عِندَ اللَّهِ خَالِصَةً مِّن دُونِ النَّاسِ فَتَمَنَّوُاْ الْمَوْتَ إِن كُنْتُمْ صَـدِقِينَ(Say to (them): "If the home of the Hereafter with Allah is indeed for you especially and not for others, of mankind, then long for death if you are truthful.") meaning, `Invoke Allah to bring death to the lying camp among the two (Muslims and Jews).' The Jews declined this offer by the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ."وَلَن يَتَمَنَّوْهُ أَبَدًا بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالظَّـلِمينَ(But they will never long for it because of what their hands have sent before them (i.e. what they have done). And Allah is Aware of the Zalimin (polytheists and wrongdoers).) meaning, "Since they know that they recognize you, and yet disbelieve in you." Had they wished death that day, no Jew would have remained alive on the face of the earth. Moreover, Ad-Dahhak said that Ibn `Abbas said that,فَتَمَنَّوُاْ الْمَوْتَ(Then long for death), means, "Invoke (Allah) for death." Also, `Abdur-Razzaq narrated that `Ikrimah said that Ibn `Abbas commented,فَتَمَنَّوُاْ الْمَوْتَ(Then long for death if you are truthful), "Had the Jews invoked Allah for death, they would have perished." Also, Ibn Abi Hatim recorded Sa`id bin Jubayr saying that Ibn `Abbas said, "Had the Jews asked for death, one of them would have choked on his own saliva." These statements have authentic chains of narration up to Ibn `Abbas. Further, Ibn Jarir said in his Tafsir, "We were told that the Prophet said,«لَوْ أَنَّ الْيَهُودَ تَمَنَّوُا الْمَوْتَ لَمَاتُوا وَلَرَأَوْا مَقَاعِدَهُمْ مِنَ النَّارِ، وَلَوْ خَرَجَ الَّذِينَ يُبَاهِلُونَ رَسُولَ اللهِصلى الله عليه وسلّم لَرَجَعُوا لَا يَجِدُونَ أَهْلًا وَلَا مَالًا»(Had the Jews wished for death, they would have died and seen their seats in the Fire. And, those who invoked such curse against Allah's Messenger ﷺ would have found no families or property had they returned to their homes)."Similar to this Ayah is Allah's statement in Surat Al-Jumu`ah,قُلْ يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ هَادُواْ إِن زَعمْتُمْ أَنَّكُمْ أَوْلِيَآءُ لِلَّهِ مِن دُونِ النَّاسِ فَتَمَنَّوُاْ الْمَوْتَ إِن كُنتُمْ صَـدِقِينَ - وَلاَ يَتَمَنَّونَهُ أَبَداً بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْديهِمْ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالظَّـلِمِينَ - قُلْ إِنَّ الْمَوْتَ الَّذِى تَفِرُّونَ مِنْهُ فَإِنَّهُ مُلَـقِيكُمْ ثُمَّ تُرَدُّونَ إِلَى عَالِمِ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَـدَةِ فَيُنَبِّئُكُم بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ((Say (O Muhammad ): "O you Jews! If you pretend that you are friends of Allah, to the exclusion of (all) other mankind, then long for death if you are truthful. "But they will never long for it (death), because of what (deeds) their hands have sent before them! And Allah knows well the Zalimin. Say (to them): "Verily, the death from which you flee will surely meet you, then you will be sent back to (Allah) the Knower of the unseen and the seen, and He will tell you what you used to do.") (62:6-8).So they claimed that they are Allah's sons and loved ones and said, "Only those who are Christian or Jews shall enter Paradise." Therefore, they were called to invoke Allah to destroy the lying group, be it them or the Muslims. When the Jews declined, every one was sure of their wrong, for had they been sure of their claims, then they would have accepted the proposal. Their lies were thus exposed after they declined the offer to invoke the curse.Similarly, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ called a delegation of Najran's Christians to curse after he refuted them in a debate in which they demonstrated stubbornness and defiance. Allah said,فَمَنْ حَآجَّكَ فِيهِ مِن بَعْدِ مَا جَآءَكَ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ فَقُلْ تَعَالَوْاْ نَدْعُ أَبْنَآءَنَا وَأَبْنَآءَكُمْ وَنِسَآءَنَا وَنِسَآءَكُمْ وَأَنفُسَنَا وأَنفُسَكُمْ ثُمَّ نَبْتَهِلْ فَنَجْعَل لَّعْنَتُ اللَّهِ عَلَى الْكَـذِبِينَ(Then whoever disputes with you concerning him (`Isa) after (all this) knowledge that has come to you (i.e. `Isa) being a servant of Allah, and having no share in divinity), say (O Muhammad ): "Come, let us call our sons and your sons, our women and your women, ourselves and yourselves ـ then we pray and invoke (sincerely) the curse of Allah upon those who lie.") (3:61).When the Christians heard this challenge, some of them said to each other, "By Allah! If you do such with this Prophet, none of you will have an eye that blinks." This is when they resorted to peace and gave the Jizyah (tax) in disgrace. The Prophet accepted the Jizyah from them and sent Abu `Ubaydah bin Al-Jarrah with them as a trustee. Similar to this meaning is Allah's command to His Prophet to proclaim to the polytheists:قُلْ مَن كَانَ فِى الضَّلَـلَةِ فَلْيَمْدُدْ لَهُ الرَّحْمَـنُ مَدّاً(Say (O Muhammad ) whoever is in error, the Most Gracious (Allah) will prolong him (in it).) (19:75) meaning, "Whoever among us has deviated, may Allah increase and prolong his deviation." We will mention this subject later, Allah willing.The Mubahalah (invocation to Allah to destroy the liars) was called a `wish' here, because every just person wishes that Allah destroy the unjust opponent who is debating with him, especially when the just person has a clear, apparent proof for the truth he is calling to. Also, the Mubahalah involves invoking Allah for death of the unjust group, because to disbelievers, life is the biggest prize, especially when they know the evil destination they will meet after death.Disbelievers wish They could live longerThis is why Allah said next,وَلَن يَتَمَنَّوْهُ أَبَدًا بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالظَّـلِمينَ وَلَتَجِدَنَّهُمْ أَحْرَصَ النَّاسِ عَلَى حَيَوةٍ(But they will never long for it because of what their hands have sent before them (i.e.what they have done). And Allah is Aware of the Zalimin. And verily, you will find them (the Jews) the greediest of mankind for life.) meaning, greedy to live longer, because they know their evil end, and the only reward they will have with Allah is total loss. This life is a prison for the believer and Paradise for the disbeliever. Therefore, the People of the Book wish they could delay the Hereafter, as much as possible. However, they shall certainly meet what they are trying to avoid, even if they are more eager to delay the Hereafter than the polytheists who do not have a divine book.Muhammad bin Ishaq narrated that Ibn `Abbas commented on,وَمَا هُوَ بِمُزَحْزِحِهِ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ أَن يُعَمَّرَ(But the grant of such life will not save him even a little from (due) punishment.) "Long life shall not save them from torment. Certainly, the polytheists do not believe in resurrection after death, and they would love to enjoy a long life. The Jews know the humiliation they will suffer in the Hereafter for knowingly ignoring the truth." Also, `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said, "The Jews are most eager for this life. They wish they could live for a thousand years. However, living for a thousand years will not save them from torment, just as Iblis' - Satan - long life did not benefit him, due to being a disbeliever." tوَاللَّهُ بَصِيرٌ بِمَا يَعْمَلُونَ(And Allah is Seer of what they do.) meaning, "Allah knows what His servants are doing, whether good or evil, and will compensate each of them accordingly."

مباہلہ اور یہودی مع نصاریٰ ٭٭سیدنا عبداللہ بن عباس رضی اللہ عنہا فرماتے ہیں کہ ان یہودیوں کو نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کا زبانی پیغام دیا گیا کہ اگر تم سچے ہو تو مقابلہ میں آؤ ہم تم مل کر اللہ تعالیٰ سے دعا کریں کہ وہ ہم میں سے جو جھوٹا ہے اسے ہلاک کر دے۔ لیکن ساتھ ہی پیشنگوئی بھی کر دی کہ یہ لوگ ہرگز اس پر آمادہ نہیں ہوں گے چنانچہ یہی ہوا کہ یہ لوگ مقابلہ پر نہ آئے اس لیے کہ وہ دل سے نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کو اور آسمانی کتاب قرآن کریم کو سچا جانتے تھے اگر یہ لوگ اس اعلان کے ماتحت مقابلہ میں نکلتے تو سب کے سب ہلاک ہو جاتے۔ روئے زمین پر ایک یہودی بھی باقی نہ رہتا۔ ایک مرفوع حدیث میں بھی آیا ہے کہ اگر یہودی مقابلہ پر آتے اور جھوٹے کے لیے موت طلب کرتے تو سب کے سب مر جاتے اور اپنی جگہ جہنم میں دیکھ لیتے اسی طرح جو نصرانی آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے پاس آئے تھے وہ بھی اگر مباہلہ کے لیے تیار ہوتے تو وہ لوٹ کر اپنے اہل و عیال اور مال و دولت کا نام و نشان بھی نہ پاتے۔ [مسند احمد:248/1:صحیح] ‏صفحہ نمبر373سورۃ الجمعہ میں بھی اسی طرح کی دعوت انہیں دی گئی ہے آیت «قُلْ يٰٓاَيُّهَا الَّذِيْنَ هَادُوْٓا اِنْ زَعَمْتُمْ اَنَّكُمْ اَوْلِيَاءُ لِلّٰهِ مِنْ دُوْنِ النَّاسِ فَتَمَنَّوُا الْمَوْتَ اِنْ كُنْتُمْ صٰدِقِيْنَ» [ 62۔ الجمعہ: 6 ] ‏ آخر تک پڑھئے ان کا دعویٰ تھا کہ آیت «نَحْنُ اَبْنٰؤُا اللّٰهِ وَاَحِبَّاؤُهٗ» [ 5۔ المائدہ: 18 ] ‏ ہم تو اللہ کی اولاد اور اس کے پیارے ہیں یہ کہا کرتے تھے آیت «لَنْ يَّدْخُلَ الْجَنَّةَ اِلَّا مَنْ كَانَ ھُوْدًا اَوْ نَصٰرٰى» [ 2۔ البقرہ: 111 ] ‏ جنت میں صرف یہودی اور نصاریٰ ہی جائیں گے اس لیے انہیں کہا گیا کہ آؤ اس کا فیصلہ اس طرح کر لیں کہ دونوں فریق میدان میں نکل کر اللہ سے دعا کریں کہ اسے جھوٹے کو ہلاک کر لیکن چونکہ اس جماعت کو اپنے جھوٹ کا علم تھا اس لیے تیار نہ ہوئی اور اس کا کذب سب پر کھل گیا اسی طرح جب نجران کے نصرانی نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے پاس آئے بحث مباحثہ ہو چکا تو ان سے بھی یہی کہا گیا کہ آیت «تَعَالَوْا نَدْعُ اَبْنَاءَنَا وَاَبْنَاءَكُمْ وَنِسَاءَنَا وَنِسَاءَكُمْ وَاَنْفُسَنَا وَاَنْفُسَكُمْ ثُمَّ نَبْتَهِلْ فَنَجْعَلْ لَّعْنَتَ اللّٰهِ عَلَي الْكٰذِبِيْنَ» [ 3۔ آل عمران: 61 ] ‏ آؤ ہم تم دونوں اپنی اپنی اولادوں بیویوں کو لے کر نکلیں اور اللہ تعالیٰ سے دعا کریں کہ وہ جھوٹوں پر اپنی لعنت نازل فرمائے لیکن وہ آپس میں کہنے لگے کہ ہرگز اس نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم سے مباہلہ نہ کرو فوراً برباد ہو جاؤ گے چنانچہ مباہلہ سے انکار کر دیا جھک کر صلح کر لی اور دب کر جزیہ دینا منظور کر لیا آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے اسیدنا بوعبیدہ بن جراح رضی اللہ عنہا کو ان کے ساتھ امین بنا کر بھیج دیا۔صفحہ نمبر374اسی طرح مشرکین عرب سے بھی کہا گیا آیت «قُلْ مَن كَانَ فِي الضَّلَالَةِ فَلْيَمْدُدْ لَهُ الرَّحْمَـٰنُ مَدًّا» [ 19۔ مریم: 75 ] ‏ یعنی ہم میں سے جو گمراہ ہو اللہ تعالیٰ اس کی گمراہی بڑھا دے اس کی پوری تفسیر اس آیت کے ساتھ بیان ہو گی ان شاءاللہ تعالیٰ مندرجہ بالا آیت کی تفسیر میں ایک مرجوع قول یہ بھی ہے کہ تم خود اپنے جانوں کے لیے موت طلب کرو کیونکہ بقول تمہارے آخرت کی بھلائیاں صرف تمہارے لیے ہی ہیں انہوں نے اس سے انکار کیا لیکن یہ قول کچھ دل کو نہیں لگتا۔ اس لیے کہ بہت سے اچھے اور نیک آدمی بھی زندگی چاہتے ہیں بلکہ حدیث میں ہے کہ تم میں سے بہتر وہ ہے جس کی لمبی عمر ہوئی ہو اور اعمال اچھے ہوں۔ [سنن ترمذي:2330، قال الشيخ الألباني:صحیح] ‏ علاوہ ازیں یہی قول یہودی بھی کہہ سکتے تھے تو بات فیصلہ کن نہ ہوتی ٹھیک تفسیر وہی ہے جو پہلے بیان ہوئی کہ دونوں فریق مل کر جھوٹ کی ہلاکت اور اس کی موت کی دعا کریں اور اس اعلان کے سنتے ہی یہود تو ٹھنڈے پڑ گئے اور تمام لوگوں پر ان کا جھوٹ کھل گیا اور وہ پیشنگوئی بھی سچی ثابت ہوئی کہ یہ لوگ ہرگز موت طلب نہیں کریں گے اس مباہلہ کا نام اصطلاح میں «تمنی» رکھا گیا کیونکہ ہر فریق باطل پرست کی موت کی آرزو کرتا ہے۔صفحہ نمبر375پھر فرمایا کہ یہ تو مشرکین سے بھی زیادہ طویل عمر کے خواہاں ہیں کیونکہ کفار کے لیے دنیا جنت ہے اور ان کی تمنا اور کوشش ہے کہ یہاں زیادہ رہیں خواجہ حسن بصری رحمہ اللہ فرماتے ہیں منافق کو حیات دنیوی کی حرص کافر سے بھی زیادہ ہوتی ہے یہ یہودی تو ایک ایک ہزار سال کی عمریں چاہتے ہیں حالانکہ اتنی لمبی عمر بھی انہیں ان عذابوں سے نجات نہیں دے سکتی چونکہ کفار کو تو آخرت پر یقین ہی نہیں ہوتا مگر انہیں یقین تو تھا لیکن ان کی اپنی سیاہ کاریاں بھی ان کے سامنے تھیں اس لیے موت سے بہت زیادہ ڈتے تھے۔ لیکن ابلیس کے برابر بھی عمر پالی تو کیا ہوا عذاب سے تو نہیں بچ سکتے۔ [تفسیر ابن جریر الطبری:376/2] ‏ اللہ تعالیٰ ان کے اعمال سے بیخبر نہیں تمام بندوں کے تمام بھلے برے اعمال کو وہ بخوبی جانتا ہے اور ویسا ہی بدلہ دے گا۔صفحہ نمبر376

آیت 95 وَلَنْ یَّتَمَنَّوْہُ اَبَدًا بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ اَیْدِیْہِمْ ط ہر شخص کو خود معلوم ہے کہ میں نے کیا کمائی کی ہے ‘ کیا آگے بھیجی ہے۔وَاللّٰہُ عَلِیْمٌم بالظّٰلِمِیْنَ ۔

The Jews used to claim that the blessings of the other world were specially reserved for them, and were not, meant for any other people. Certain other verses of the Holy Qur'an too refer to such a claim on the part of the Jews, and also of the Christians: قَالُوا لَن تَمَسَّنَا النَّارُ‌ إِلَّا أَيَّامًا مَّعْدُودَةً : "They say: The, fire will not touch us but for a few days" (2:80), وَقَالُوا لَن يَدْخُلَ الْجَنَّةَ إِلَّا مَن كَانَ هُودًا أَوْ نَصَارَ‌ىٰ : And they say: No one will enter Paradise except he who is a Jew or Christian" (2:111), وَقَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ وَالنَّصَارَ‌ىٰ نَحْنُ أَبْنَاءُ اللَّـهِ وَأَحِبَّاؤُهُ :"And the Jews and the Christians said: We are the sons of Allah and His close friends" (5:18). What they meant in making such a claim was that since their own faith was the true one, they must certainly attain salvation in the other world -- the repentant and the forgiven being admitted to Paradise from the very beginning, the sinners finding release from the fires of Hell after undergoing a punishment for a few days, and the obedient receiving a welcome like sons and beloved friends.The use of certain improper expressions like "sons of Allah" not-withstanding, these claims are in themselves quite correct, provided that they pertain to people who follow a true and valid faith. But the Jews (and the Christians as well) were still following a faith which had been abrogated, and was thus no longer valid -- a fact which nullified their claim. So, the Holy Qur'an has refuted the claim again and again in different ways, and the present verse has adopted a special mode. The habitual method of settling a dispute is to have a discussion and let both the parties present their own arguments. Since the Jews knew they could not win, they fought shy of this normal way. So, the Holy Qur'an suggests an abnormal method, which would not call for much knowledge or understanding, but only put a little strain on the tongue. The proposed trial consists in this -- if the Jews are so sure of the blessings of the other world being reserved for themselves, they should declare that they wish to die, and this declaration would establish them as being genuine in their faith; but if they refuse to accept the challenge, it would show that they were liars. The Holy Qur'an also predicts that they would never have the courage to go through the trial.In view of their hostility to the Holy Prophet ﷺ ، one could expect them to take up such a simple challenge very zealously. But they knew very well in their heart of hearts that the Holy Prophet a and the Muslims stood for the truth, while they themselves were the champions of falsehood, and were, in actual fact, infidels. So, they refused to go through the trial, for they were struck with awe, and feared that as soon as they had expressed the wish to die, death would come over them, and they would be sent to Hell. This recalcitrance is, thus, in itself an evidence of the truth of Islam.Here we must note that the trial was proposed not for all the Jews of all the ages, but specially for those who were the contemporaries of the Holy Prophet ﷺ ، and who used to deny him out of sheer envy and malice, in spite of having recognized that he was a genuine prophet.Nor should one raise the doubt here that they had perhaps accepted the challenge, and "wished" for death in their hearts, as the Holy Qur'an seems to ask. For one, the Holy Qur'an itself reports the prediction that they would never "wish for it." Secondly, if they could wish for death in their hearts, they must have declared it orally too, for their victory lay in just such a declaration, and this was a very easy way of refuting the Holy Prophet ﷺ . But they did not avail themselves of this opportunity.Nor can one suppose that they did make an oral declaration, for the fact has not been reported, and thus has not come down to us. Such a supposition would be wrong, because the opponents of Islam have always outnumbered its adherents, and if such a thing had happened, they must have been trumpeting it aloud to show to the world that the Jews had successfully passed the test proposed by the Holy Qur'an itself.