Surah Yusuf • Ayah 21
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Yusuf in EgyptAllah mentions the favors that He granted Yusuf, peace be on him, by which He made the man from Egypt who bought him, take care of him and provide him with a comfortable life. He also ordered his wife to be kind to Yusuf and had good hopes for his future, because of his firm righteous behavior. He said to his wife, أَكْرِمِى مَثْوَاهُ عَسَى أَن يَنفَعَنَآ أَوْ نَتَّخِذَهُ وَلَدًا(Make his stay comfortable, maybe he will profit us or we shall adopt him as a son.) The man who bought Yusuf was the minister of Egypt at the time, and his title was `Aziz'. Abu Ishaq narrated that Abu `Ubaydah said that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "Three had the most insight: the `Aziz of Egypt, who said to his wife, أَكْرِمِى مَثْوَاهُ(Make his stay comfortable...), the woman who said to her father, يأَبَتِ اسْتَـْجِرْهُ(O my father! Hire him...), 28:26 and Abu Bakr As-Siddiq when he appointed `Umar bin Al-Khattab to be the Khalifah after him, may Allah be pleased with them both." Allah said next that just as He saved Yusuf from his brothers, كَذَلِكَمَكَّنَّا لِيُوسُفَ فِى الاٌّرْضِ(Thus did We establish Yusuf in the land), in reference to Egypt, وَلِنُعَلِّمَهُ مِن تَأْوِيلِ الاٌّحَادِيثِ(that We might teach him the interpretation of events.) the interpretation of dreams, according to Mujahid and As-Suddi. Allah said next, وَاللَّهُ غَالِبٌ عَلَى أَمْرِهِ(And Allah has full power and control over His affairs,) if He wills something, then there is no averting His decision, nor can it ever be stopped or contradicted. Rather, Allah has full power over everything and everyone else. Sa`id bin Jubayr said while commenting on Allah's statement, وَاللَّهُ غَالِبٌ عَلَى أَمْرِهِ(And Allah has full power and control over His affairs,) "He does what ever He wills." Allah said, وَلَـكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لاَ يَعْلَمُونَ(but most of men know not.) meaning, have no knowledge of Allah's wisdom with regards to His creation, compassion and doing what He wills. Allah said next, وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ(And when he attained), in reference to Prophet Yusuf, peace be upon him, أَشُدَّهُ(his full manhood), sound in mind and perfect in body, آتَيْنَاهُ حُكْمًا وَعِلْمًا(We gave him wisdom and knowledge), which is the prophethood that Allah sent him with for the people he lived among, وَكَذَلِكَ نَجْزِى الْمُحْسِنِينَ(thus We reward the doers of good.) because Yusuf used to do good in the obedience of Allah the Exalted.
بازار مصر سے شاہی محل تک ٭٭رب کا لطف بیان ہو رہا ہے کہ جس نے آپ علیہ السلام کو مصر میں خریدا، اللہ نے اس کے دل میں آپ علیہ السلام کی عزت و وقعت ڈال دی۔ اس نے آپ علیہ السلام کے نورانی چہرے کو دیکھتے ہی سمجھ لیا کہ اس میں خیر و صلاح ہے۔ یہ مصر کا وزیر تھا۔ اس کا نام قطفیر تھا۔ کوئی کہتا ہے اطفیر تھا۔ اس کے باپ کا نام دوحیب تھا۔ یہ مصر کے خزانوں کا داروغہ تھا۔ مصر کی سلطنت اس وقت ریان بن ولید کے ہاتھ تھی۔ یہ عمالیق میں سے ایک شخص تھا۔۔ عزیز مصر کی بیوی صاحبہ کا نام راعیل تھا۔ کوئی کہتا ہے زلیخا تھا۔ یہ رعابیل کی بیٹی تھیں۔ سیدنا ابن عباس رضی اللہ عنہما کا بیان ہے کہ مصر میں جس نے آپ کو خریدا اس کا نام مالک بن ذعربن قریب بن عنق بن مدیان بن ابراہیم تھا۔ «وَاللهُ اَعْلَمُ» ۔ سیدنا عبداللہ بن مسعود رضی اللہ عنہ فرماتے ہیں سب سے زیادہ دوربین اور دور رس اور انجام پر نظریں رکھنے والے اور عقلمندی سے تاڑنے والے تین شخص گزرے ہیں۔ ایک تو یہی عزیز مصر کہ بیک نگاہ یوسف کو تاڑ لیا گیا اور جاتے ہی بیوی سے کہا کہ اسے اچھی طرح آرام سے رکھو۔ دوسری وہ بچی جس نے موسیٰ علیہ السلام کو بیک نگاہ جان لیا اور جا کر باپ سے کا کہ «قَالَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا يَا أَبَتِ اسْتَأْجِرْهُ ۖ إِنَّ خَيْرَ مَنِ اسْتَأْجَرْتَ الْقَوِيُّ الْأَمِينُ» [ 28-القص: 26 ] اگر آپ کو آدمی کی ضرورت ہے تو ان سے معاملہ کر لیجئے یہ قوی اور باامانت شخص ہے۔صفحہ نمبر3975تیسرے صدیق اکبر رضی اللہ عنہ کہ آپ نے دنیا سے رخت ہوتے ہوئے خلافت سیدنا عمر رضی اللہ عنہ جیسے شخص کو سونپی۔ یہاں اللہ تعالیٰ اپنا ایک اور احسان بیان فرما رہا ہے کہ بھائیوں کے پھندے سے ہم نے چھڑایا پھر ہم نے مصر میں لا کر یہاں کی سر زمین پر ان کا قدم جما دیا۔ کیونکہ اب ہمارا یہ ارادہ پورا ہونا تھا کہ ہم اسے تعبیر خواب کا کچھ علم عطا فرمائیں۔ اللہ کے ارادہ کو کون ٹال سکتا ہے۔ کون روک سکتا ہے؟ کون خلاف کر سکتا ہے؟ وہ سب پر غالب ہے۔ سب اس کے سامنے عاجز ہیں جو وہ چاہتا ہے ہو کر ہی رہتا ہے جو ارادہ کرتا ہے کر چکتا ہے۔ لیکن اکثر لوگ علم سے خالی ہوتے ہیں۔ اس کی حکمت کو مانتے ہیں نہ اس کی حکمت کو جانتے ہیں نہ اس کی باریکیوں پر ان کی نگاہ ہوتی ہے۔ نہ وہ اس کی حکمتوں کو سمجھ سکتے ہیں۔ جب آپ کی عقل کامل ہوئی جب جسم اپنی نشو و نما تمام کر چکا تو اللہ تعالیٰ نے آپ کو نبوت عطا فرمائی اور اس سے آپ کو مخصوص کیا۔ یہ کوئی نئی بات نہیں ہم نیک کاروں کو اسی طرح بھلا بدلہ دیتے ہیں۔ کہتے ہیں اس سے مراد تینتیس برس کی عمر ہے۔ یا تیس سے کچھ اوپر کی یا بیس کی یا چالیس کی یا پچیس کی یا تیس کی یا اٹھارہ کی۔ یا مراد جوانی کو پہنچنا ہے اور اس کے سوا اور اقوال بھی ہیں «وَاللهُ اَعْلَمُ» صفحہ نمبر3976
آیت 21 وَقَالَ الَّذِي اشْتَرٰىهُ مِنْ مِّصْرَ لامْرَاَتِهٖٓ اَكْرِمِيْ مَثْوٰىهُ عَسٰٓى اَنْ يَّنْفَعَنَآ اَوْ نَتَّخِذَهٗ وَلَدًاوہ شخص مصر کی حکومت میں بہت اعلیٰ منصب عزیز مصر پر فائز تھا۔ حضرت یوسف کو بیٹا بنانے کی خواہش سے معلوم ہوتا ہے کہ شاید اس کے ہاں اولاد نہیں تھی۔وَكَذٰلِكَ مَكَّنَّا لِيُوْسُفَ فِي الْاَرْضِ اس طریقے سے اللہ تعالیٰ نے یوسف کو اس دور کی متمدن ترین مملکت میں پہنچا دیا اور وہاں آپ کی رہائش کا بندوبست بھی کیا تو کسی جھونپڑی میں نہیں بلکہ ملک کے ایک بہت بڑے صاحب حیثیت شخص کے گھر میں اور وہ بھی محض ایک غلام کے طور پر نہیں بلکہ خصوصی عزت و اکرام کے انداز میں۔وَلِنُعَلِّمَهٗ مِنْ تَاْوِيْلِ الْاَحَادِيْثِ یعنی عزیز مصر کے گھر میں آپ کو جگہ بنا کردینے کا بنیادی مقصد یہ تھا کہ وہاں آپ کو ”معاملہ فہمی“ کی تربیت فراہم کی جائے۔ عزیز مصر کا گھر ایک طرح کا سیکریٹریٹ ہوگا جہاں آئے دن انتہائی اعلیٰ سطح کے اجلاس ہوتے ہوں گے اور قومی و بین الاقوامی نوعیت کے انتہائی اہم امور پر بحث و تمحیص کے بعد فیصلے کیے جاتے ہوں گے اور حضرت یوسف کو ان تمام سرگرمیوں کا بہت قریب سے مشاہدہ کرنے کے مواقع میسر آتے ہوں گے۔ اس طرح بہت اعلیٰ سطح کی تعلیم و تربیت کا ایک انتظام تھا جو حضرت یوسف کے لیے یہاں پر کردیا گیا۔وَاللّٰهُ غَالِبٌ عَلٰٓي اَمْرِهٖ وَلٰكِنَّ اَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يَعْلَمُوْنَ اللہ تعالیٰ اپنے ارادے کی تنفیذ پر غالب ہے وہ اپنا کام کر کے رہتا ہے۔
CommentaryDescribed in the previous verses was an early account of Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) as to how the people from the caravan took him out of the well, and how his brothers made him out to be their escaped slave and traded him for a few dirhams. First of all, they did not know the value and station of their great brother. Secondly, their real purpose was not to make money by selling him - they wanted to remove him away from his father. Therefore, they did not stop at simply selling him because they felt the danger that the caravan may somehow leave him behind as a result of which he may somehow reach their father and tell him all about their conspiracy. So, according to a report from Tafsir authority, Mujahid, these people waited for the caravan to leave with him for Egypt. When the caravan actually departed, they went with the caravan upto a certain distance warning them on the way that he is in the habit of running away, therefore, they should not leave him free to move around, better still, they should tie him up. Thus, the caravan, unaware of the precious ` merchandise' they were carrying with them, took him in that condition as far as Egypt. (Tafsir Ibn Kathir)The part of the story as taken up onwards in the present verses shows the eloquent brevity of the Qur'an when sections of the story which can be understood independently have not been necessarily de-scribed. For instance, the trip of the caravan through various stages en-route Egypt and the actual selling of Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) there. All this has been skipped. Stated from here is:وَقَالَ الَّذِي اشْتَرَاهُ مِن مِّصْرَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ أَكْرِمِي مَثْوَاهُAnd the one who bought him from Egypt said to his wife, 'Make his stay graceful ...'.According to Tafsir al-Qurtubi, when the caravan reached Egypt and offered him for sale, people vied with each other with increasing bids which rose to gold, to musk and to silk equal to his weight.But, Allah Tahad destined this human treasure to go to the most powerful authority of the time in Egypt, the Aziz of Misr. He beat all the bids and bought Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) .As we already know from the statement of the Holy Qur’ an, all these things happening were nothing accidental. Instead, they were parts of the formidable plan put into action by the most exalted Lord Himself. That Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) will be bought in Egypt by the highest of the high in that country was certainly a call of destiny. According to Ibn Kathir, this man who bought Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) in Egypt was what we may call the Finance Minister of Egypt. His name has been cited as Qitfir, or ` Itfir. The King of Egypt at that time was Ruiyyan ibn Usayd, an Amalkite (who, later on, embraced Islam at the hands of Sayyidna Yusuf علیہ السلام) and died as a Muslim during the lifetime of Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) (Mazhari). The name of the wife of the Aziz of Egypt who had bought him has been given as Ra'eel, or Zulaikha. So, the Aziz of Misr, called Qitfir (Potiphar), instructed his wife to provide good lodging for Yusuf, not to treat him like common slaves and see that good arrangements are made for him.Sayyidna Abdullah ibn Masud ؓ said: ` Three men turned out to be the best physiognomists of the world: (1) The Aziz of Misr who discovered the inner excellence of Yusuf (علیہ السلام) from his outer appearance and gave those instructions to his wife; (2) the daughter of Sayyidna Shu'ayb (علیہ السلام) who told her father about Sayyidna Musa يَا أَبَتِ اسْتَأْجِرْهُ ۖ إِنَّ خَيْرَ مَنِ اسْتَأْجَرْتَ الْقَوِيُّ الْأَمِي (0 my father, retain him on wages. Surely, the best one for you to employ is the one who is strong and trustworthy - 28:26); (3) The third person is Sayyidna Abu Bakr ؓ عنہ who chose Sayyidna ` Umar to be the Khalifah after the Holy Prophet ﷺ . (Ibn Kathir)The next sentence of the verse is: وَكَذَٰلِكَ مَكَّنَّا لِيُوسُفَ فِي الْأَرْضِ (And thus We established Yusuf in the land ...). Given here is the good news of what would happen in the future, that is, Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) who has entered the House of the Aziz of Misr at this time as a slave shall soon be the highest ranking man in the country of Egypt when the power of governance comes into his hands.In the statement which follows immediately after, that is: وَلِنُعَلِّمَهُ مِن تَأْوِيلِ الْأَحَادِيثِ (so that We should teach him the interpretation of events), if the letter واؤ (waw) appearing at the beginning of the sentence is taken as: عَطَف (` atf : conjunctive), a sentence will be considered as understood which will mean that ` We established Yusuf (علیہ السلام) in the land so that he brings forth peace in the world through equity and justice, works towards the economic and social betterment of the people of the country, and so that We teach him to put things right where they belong. The general sense of the later is something which is inclusive of the comprehension of Di-vine revelation, its implementation in practice, and the acquisition of all supportive areas of knowledge, and the correct interpretation of dreams as well.Verse 21 ends with the statement: وَاللَّـهُ غَالِبٌ عَلَىٰ أَمْرِهِ (And Allah is powerful in (enforcing) His command ... ). In other words, it means that Allah Ta` ala is powerful and fully in control over what He wills and when He does so will, all outward chains of causes in this world start falling in line with His will - as said the Holy Prophet ﷺ in a Hadith: ` When Allah Ta` ala intends to do something, He makes all worldly causes ready to act accordingly.' But, says the last part of the sentence: وَلَـٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ that is, most of the people do not understand this reality. They have their eyes on obvious causes. These they take to be everything and keep going after them all the time. That there is the Causer of all Causes and the Holder of Absolute Power over everything is a thought they would seldom pay heed to.
The Quran tells the story of Yusuf (Joseph) in great detail in Surah Yusuf, calling it 'the best of stories.' Sold into slavery in Egypt by his jealous brothers, Yusuf endured imprisonment before his ability to interpret dreams brought him before Pharaoh. He was made Vizier (chief minister) of Egypt and ultimately reunited with his family. This narrative aligns with Egyptian historical records of Semitic peoples rising to high administrative positions in Egypt during the Hyksos period (c. 1650–1550 BCE).
The Hyksos were Semitic people who invaded and ruled Lower Egypt (c. 1650–1550 BCE), establishing the 15th Dynasty. Their rule corresponds approximately to the period when Prophet Yusuf (Joseph) rose to prominence as Egypt's vizier. The Hyksos brought the horse-drawn chariot, compound bow, and bronze weapons to Egypt. Their expulsion by the Theban 18th Dynasty pharaohs restores the native Egyptian rule described in Moses's time, when 'a new king who did not know Joseph' rose to power.
In Egypt, Yusuf was purchased by the minister ('Aziz). The minister's wife, Zulaykha, attempted to seduce Yusuf, who refused, seeking refuge in Allah. He fled toward the door; she tore his shirt from behind — when the minister arrived, a witness from her own household indicated the shirt's tear proved Yusuf was the one fleeing (innocent). Despite his innocence, Yusuf was imprisoned. The Quran (12:23-34) presents this as the model of chastity and God-consciousness overcoming worldly temptation.
וְיוֹסֵ֖ף הוּרַ֣ד מִצְרָ֑יְמָה וַיִּקְנֵ֡הוּ פּוֹטִיפַר֩ סְרִ֨יס פַּרְעֹ֜ה שַׂ֤ר הַטַּבָּחִים֙ אִ֣ישׁ מִצְרִ֔י מִיַּד֙ הַיִּשְׁמְעֵאלִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הוֹרִדֻ֖הוּ שָֽׁמָּה׃
"When Joseph was taken down to Egypt, Potiphar, a courtier of Pharaoh and his prefect—an Egyptian—bought him from the Ishmaelites who had brought him there."
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